Solidification and Stabilization of Heavy Metal–Contaminated Industrial Site Soil Using KMP Binder
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30, Issue 6
Abstract
A new and innovative binder KMP is developed for solidification/stabilization (S/S) of soils contaminated with heavy metals such as lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd). The KMP consists of acid-activated phosphate rock, monopotassium phosphate, and reactive magnesia. However, effectiveness and immobilization mechanisms of KMP in actual field contaminated soils have not been investigated. This study presents a systematic investigation of strength, leachability, and microstructural properties of KMP stabilized field clayey soil that has been contaminated with Pb, Zn, and Cd at a smelter site. Several series of laboratory tests are conducted that include unconfined compression tests (UCT), toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), modified European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies. The TCLP and UCT results show that the leached Pb, Zn, and Cd concentrations decrease while unconfined compressive strength and dry density of the stabilized soil increase with increasing binder content and curing time. The sequential extraction results indicate that large percentages of Pb, Zn, and Cd are transferred from the exchangeable fraction to residual fraction after the KMP stabilization. The pore-size distribution reveals that the mean diameters and volumes of interaggregate and intra-aggregate pores decrease with an increase in the KMP content. The XRD and SEM/EDS analyses demonstrate the formation of magnesium phosphate-based products and heavy metal phosphate-based products in the stabilized soil, and they are the primary mechanisms for strength increase and heavy metal immobilization, respectively.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the support of National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2013AA06A206), the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant No. 41330641), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41472258), and Environmental Protection Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 2016031).
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 30 • Issue 6 • June 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 15, 2017
Accepted: Oct 31, 2017
Published online: Mar 19, 2018
Published in print: Jun 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Aug 19, 2018
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