In-Plane Shear Properties of Laminated Wood from Tension and Compression Tests of Angle-Ply Laminates
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 11
Abstract
Experimental methods for the characterization of shear strength and stiffness of both wood-based and glass-based or carbon-based composite materials are highly contested because shear properties are difficult to isolate experimentally. A comprehensive literature review on the subject is presented, considering methods for both structural composite lumber and traditional composite laminates. The researchers present a novel method for calculating shear strength, stiffness, and interaction parameters of laminated wood-veneer panels by coupling experimental data from tension and compression tests of multiaxial laminates with an optimization routine for two failure criteria theories from the literature. Optimal shear parameters are reported for both theories.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge Louisiana Pacific for their donation of materials to this study. This work is partially supported by the NSF-sponsored IGERT: Offshore Wind Energy Engineering, Environmental Science, and Policy (Grant No. 1068864).
References
ASTM. (1997). “Standard test methods for direct moisture content measurement of wood and wood-base materials.” ASTM D4442, 1992, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (1999). “Standard test methods of lumber in structural sizes.” ASTM D198, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard test method for in-plane shear properties of polymer matrix composite materials by the rail shear method.” ASTM D4255/D4255M, 2001, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2009). “Standard test methods for structural panels in tension.” ASTM D3500, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2011a). “Standard test methods for in-plane shear properties of hoop would polymer matrix composite cylinders.” ASTM D5448/D5448M, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2011b). “Standard test methods for wood-based structural panels in compression.” ASTM D3501, 2005, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2012). “Standard test method for shear properties of composite materials by the v-notched beam method.” ASTM D5379/D5379M, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013a). “Standard test method for in-plane shear response of polymer matrix composite materials by tensile test of a laminate.” ASTM D3518, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2013b). “Standard test method for short-beam strength of polymer matrix composite materials and their laminates.” ASTM D2344, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014). “Standard test methods for density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based materials.” ASTM D2395, West Conshohocken, PA.
Chamis, C. C., and Sinclair, J. H. (1976). “10-degree off-axis tensile test for intralaminar shear characterization of fiber composites.”, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.
Chiao, C. C., Moore, R. L., and Chiao, T. T. (1977). “Measurement of shear properties of fibre composites. 1: Evaluation of test methods.” Composites, 8(3), 161–169.
Clouston, P. (1996). “The Tsai-Wu strength theory for Douglas-fir laminated veneer.” M.Sc. thesis, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Clouston, P., and Lam, F. (2001). “Computational modeling of strand-based wood composites.” J. Eng. Mech., 844–851.
Clouston, P., and Lam, F. (2002). “A stochastic plasticity approach to strength modeling of strand-based wood composites.” Compos. Sci. Technol., 62(10–11), 1381–1395.
Clouston, P., Lam, F., and Barrett, J. D. (1998). “Interaction term of Tsai-Wu theory for laminated veneer.” J. Mater. Civil Eng., 112–116.
Duggan, M. F. (1980). “An experimental evaluation of the slotted-tension shear test for composite materials.” Exp. Mech., 20(7), 233–239.
Duggan, M. F., McGrath, J. T., and Murphy, M. A. (1978). “Shear testing of composite materials by a simple combined-loading technique.” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA, 78–508, 311–319.
Garcia, R., Weisshar, T. A., and McWithey, R. R. (1980). “An experimental and analytical investigation of the rail shear test method as applied to composite materials.” Exp. Mech., 20(8), 273–279.
Gupta, R., Heck, L., and Miller, T. (2002). “Finite-element analysis of the stress distribution in a torsion test of full-size, structural lumber.” J. Test. Eval., 30(4), 291–302.
Gupta, R., and Siller, T. (2005). “Shear strength of structural composite lumber using torsion tests.” J. Test. Eval., 33(2), 110–117.
Hashin, Z. (1980). “Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites.” J. Appl. Mech., 47(2), 329–334.
ISO. (1999). “Fibre-reinforced plastic composites—Determination of the in-plane shear modulus by the plate twist method.” ISO 15310, Geneva.
Janowiak, J. J., Hindman, D. P., and Manbeck, H. B. (2001). “Orthotropic behavior of lumber composite materials.” J. Wood Fiber Sci., 33(4), 580–594.
Koh, R., and Clouston, P. (2016). “Yield criteria assessment of wood laminates for use in wind turbine blades.” Proc., 17th Int. Conf. on Experimental Mechanics, European Society of Experimental Mechanics, Vienna, Austria.
Lee, S., and Munro, M. (1986). “Evaluation of in-plane shear test methods for advanced composite materials by the decision analysis technique.” Composites, 17(1), 13–22.
Lockwood, P. (1981). “Results of the ASTM round-robin on the rail shear test for composites.” J. Compos. Technol. Res., 3(2), 83–86.
Mascia, N. T., and Nicolas, E. A. (2012). “Evaluation of Tsai Wu criterion and Hankinson’s formula for a Brazilian wood species by comparison with experimental off-axis strength tests.” Wood Mater. Sci. Eng., 7(1), 49–58.
MATLAB [Computer software]. MathWorks, Natick, MA.
Oh, S.-C. (2011). “Applying failure criteria to the strength evaluation of 3-ply laminated veneer lumber according to grain direction by uniaxial tension test.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(3), 1480–1484.
Riyanto, D. S., and Gupta, R. (1998). “A comparison of test methods for evaluating the shear strength of structural lumber.” Forest Products J., 48(2), 83–90.
Rosen, B. W. (1972). “A simple procedure for experimental determination of the longitudinal shear modulus of unidirectional composites.” J. Compos. Mater., 6(4), 552–554.
Ross, R. J. (2010). “Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material.”, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI.
Tsai, S. W., and Wu, E. M. (1971). “A general theory of strength for anisotropic materials.” J. Compos. Mater., 5(1), 58–80.
Walrath, D. E., and Adams, D. E. (1983). “The Iosipescu shear test as applied to composite materials.” Exp. Mech., 23(1), 105–110.
Wang, J. Z., and Socie, D. F. (1994). “A biaxial tension-compression test method for composite laminates.” J. Compos. Technol. Res., 16(4), 336–342.
Whitney, J. M., and Stansbarger, D. L. (1971). “Analysis of the rail shear test—Applications and limitations.” J. Compos. Mater., 5(1), 24–34.
Yang, B., Clouston, P., and Arwade, S. (2014). “Torsional shear strength and size effect in laminated veneer lumber.” Adv. Civil Eng. Mater., 3(1), 193–203.
Yoshihara, H. (2012). “Shear modulus and shear strength evaluation of solid wood by a modified ISO 15310 square-plate twist method.” Sci. J. Wood Technol., 63(1), 51–55.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29 • Issue 11 • November 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 13, 2016
Accepted: May 2, 2017
Published online: Aug 25, 2017
Published in print: Nov 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jan 25, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.