Thermodynamic Evaluation of Pozzolanic Reactions between Activated Pozzolan Mix of Clay Waste/Fly Ash and Calcium Hydroxide
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 8
Abstract
The mixture of activated paper sludge and fly ash can successfully be used as pozzolans for the manufacture of a more ecological portland cement. The saturation indexes and the mineral stability fields of a pozzolanic reaction are studied at 1, 3, 7, 28, 90, and 360 days into the reaction. The system is formed of a pozzolanic mix (activated clay waste and fly ash) and a saturated solution of at 40°C. The behavior of the reactions is predicted in this study by means of a thermodynamic model running on a computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. The concentration of soluble species in the aqueous solution is determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The evolution of the hydrated phases formed in this study and the mineral stability fields are evaluated with the geochemical programs PHREEQC and SUPCRT92. The hydrated phases produced during the pozzolanic reactions were C─ S─ H gels, (calcium aluminate hydrate), (calcium monosulfoaluminate), and layered double hydroxide (LDH)–type structures or hydrotalcite are anionic clays. The saturation index values indicate that the LDH-type structures (phyllosilicate/carbonate) are the most thermodynamically stable phase in the activated clay/fly ash– system after 7 days of reaction. Mineral stability fields situate all the samples among the LDH-type structures (phyllosilicate/carbonate).
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Acknowledgments
This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under coordinated research Project (MAT2009-10874-CO3-01/02/03). The authors wish to thank Holmen Paper Madrid S.L. and the Instituto Español del Cemento y sus Aplicaciones (IECA) for their collaboration with this project.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29 • Issue 8 • August 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 4, 2016
Accepted: Jan 19, 2017
Published online: Mar 31, 2017
Published in print: Aug 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Aug 31, 2017
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