Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Reinforced with Hybrid Recycled Steel–Polypropylene Fiber
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper presents the results of extensive experimental tests on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete reinforced with hybrid polypropylene (PP) fiber and recycled steel fiber (RSF) in different fiber volume fractions. In the present paper, RSFs were recovered from waste tires. The mix compositions were reinforced with different combinations of hybrid recycled-steel fiber (0.35, 0.7, and 1.05%) and PP fiber (0.35 and 0.7%). The fresh state of the mix compositions were assessed by using slump flow diameter, T500, and Tv. Moreover, the hardened properties of specimens were characterized by using compressive strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance. Regression analysis was executed on the relatively large amount of gathered experimental data to correlate properties of fresh and hardened states of self-compacting concrete reinforced with hybrid recycled steel–PP fibers. The results showed that adding hybrid recycled steel–PP fiber improves the impact resistance and mechanical properties. Adding recycled steel fiber led to higher improvement in the compressive strength compared to PP fiber. Moreover, increasing the content of PP fiber reduces the effect of recycled steel fiber in improvement of flexural strength.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). (2007). “Self-consolidating concrete.” ACI 237R-07, Farmington Hills, MI.
Ahmed, S. F. U., Maalej, M., and Paramasivam, P. (2007). “Flexural responses of hybrid steel-polyethylene fiber reinforced cement composites containing high volume fly ash.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(5), 1088–1097.
Aiello, M. A., Leuzzi, F., Centonze, G., and Maffezzoli, A. (2009). “Use of steel fibres recovered from waste tyres as reinforcement in concrete: Pull-out behaviour, compressive and flexural strength.” Waste Manage., 29(6), 1960–1970.
Alavi Nia, A., Hedayatian, M., Nili, M., and Afroughsabet, V. (2012). “An experimental and numerical study on how steel and polypropylene fibers affect the impact resistance in fiber-reinforced concrete.” Int. J. Impact Eng., 46, 62–73.
Alhozaimy, A. M., Soroushiad, P., and Mirza, F. (1996). “Mechanical properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete and the effects of pozzolanic materials.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 18(2), 85–92.
ASTM. (1998). “Standard test method for flexural toughness and first-crack strength of fiber-reinforced concrete.” ASTM C1018l, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2003). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” ASTM C39, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2010). “Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with third-point loading).” ASTM C78, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014). “Standard test method for flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars.” ASTM C348-14, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2016). “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens).” ASTM C109/C109M-16a, West Conshohocken, PA.
Behin Bazyaft Company. (2016). ⟨http://www.behinbazyaft.wizarddesign.ir/index.html⟩ (Nov. 29, 2016).
Bouziani, T., Benmounah, A., Makhloufi, Z., Bédérina, M., and Queneudec T’kint, M., (2014). “Properties of flowable sand concretes reinforced by polypropylene fibers.” J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 28(18), 1823–1834.
Caggiano, A., Gambarelli, S., Martinelli, E., Nisticò, N., and Pepe, M. (2016). “Experimental characterization of the post-cracking response in hybrid steel/polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 125, 1035–1043.
Caggiano, A., Xargay, H., Folino, P., and Martinelli, E. (2015). “Experimental and numerical characterization of the bond behavior of steel fibers recovered from waste tires embedded in cementitious matrices.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 62, 146–155.
Centonze, G., Leone, M., and Aiello, M. (2012). “Steel fibers from waste tires as reinforcement in concrete: a mechanical characterization.” Constr. Build. Mater., 36, 46–57.
EFNARC (European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete). (2005). “Specifications and guidelines for self-compacting concrete.” Association House, U.K.
Fakharifar, M., Dalvand, A., Arezoumandi, M., Sharbatdar, M. K., Chen, G., and Kheyroddin, A. (2014). “Mechanical properties of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites.” Constr. Build. Mater., 71, 510–520.
Gao, J. M., Sun, W., and Morino, K. (1997). “Mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced, high-strength, lightweight concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 19(4), 307–313.
Ghasemi Naghibdehi, M., Mastali, M., Sharbatdar, M. K., and Ghasemi Naghibdehi, M. (2014a). “Flexural performance of functionally graded RC cross-section with steel and PP fibres.” Mag. Concr. Res., 66(5), 219–233.
Ghasemi Naghibdehi, M., Sharbatdar, M. K., and Mastali, M. (2014b). “Repairing reinforced concrete slabs using composite layers.” Mater. Des., 58, 136–144.
Ghernouti, Y., Rabehi, B., Bouziani, T., Ghezraoui, H., and Makhloufi, A. (2015). “Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing plastic bag waste fibers (WFSCC).” Constr. Build. Mater., 82, 89–100.
Gopalaratnam, V. S., and Gettu, R. (1995). “On the characterization of flexural toughness in fiber reinforced concretes.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 17(3), 239–254.
Hamoush, S., Abu-Lebdeh, T., and Cummins, T. (2010). “Deflection behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with PVA micro-fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(11), 2285–2293.
Hassanpour, M., Shafigh, P., and Mahmud, H. (2012). “Lightweight aggregate concrete fiber reinforcement—A review.” Constr. Build. Mater., 37, 452–461.
Hesami, S., Hikouei, I. S., and Emadi, S. A. (2016). “Mechanical behavior of self-compacting concrete pavements incorporating recycled tire rubber crumb and reinforced with polypropylene fiber.” J. Cleaner Prod., 133, 228–234.
JSCE (Japan Society of Civil Engineering). (1984). “SF-4: Method of test for flexural strength and flexural toughness of fiber reinforced concrete.” Tokyo, 58–66.
Khaloo, A., Molaei Raisi, E., Hosseini, P., and Tahsiri, H. (2014). “Mechanical performance of self-compacting concrete reinforced with steel fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater., 51, 179–186.
Khaloo, A. R., and Afshari, M. (2005). “Flexural behaviour of small steel fiber reinforced concrete slabs.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 27(1), 141–149.
Kim, D. J, Park, S. H., Ryu, G. S., and Koh, K. T. (2011). “Comparative flexural behaviour of hybrid ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete with different macro fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(11), 4144–4155.
Libre, N. A., Shekarchi, M., Mahoutian, M., and Soroushian, P. (2011). “Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete made with natural pumice.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(5), 2458–2464.
Martinelli, E., Caggiano, A., and Xargay, H. (2015). “An experimental study on the post-cracking behaviour of hybrid industrial/recycled steel fiber-reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 94, 290–298.
Mastali, M., and Dalvand, D. (2016a). “The impact resistance and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete reinforced with recycled CFRP pieces.” J. Compos. Part B, 92, 360–376.
Mastali, M., Dalvand, D., and Sattarifard, A. (2016b). “The impact resistance and mechanical properties of reinforced self-compacting concrete with recycled glass fiber reinforced polymers.” J. Cleaner Prod., 124, 312–324.
Mastali, M., Ghasemi Naghibdehi, M., Naghipour, M., and Rabiee, M. (2015a) “Experimental assessment of functionally graded reinforced concrete (FGRC) slabs under drop weight and projectile impacts.” Constr. Build. Mater., 95, 296–311.
Mastali, M., Valente, I. B., Barros, A. O. J., and Gonçalves, D. (2015b). “Development of innovative hybrid sandwich panel slabs: Experimental results.” Compos. Struct., 133, 476–498.
Mohammadi, Y., Singh, S. P., and Kaushik, S. K. (2008). “Properties of steel fibrous concrete containing mixed fibers in fresh and hardened state.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(5), 956–965.
Nagataki, S., and Fujiwara, H. (1995). “Self-compacting property of highly-flowable concrete.” Am. Concr. Inst., 154, 301–314.
Okay, F., and Engin, S. (2012). “Torsional behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater., 28(1), 269–275.
Omary, S., Ghorbel, E., and Wardeh, G. (2016). “Relationships between recycled concrete aggregates characteristics and recycled aggregates concretes properties.” Constr. Build. Mater., 108, 163–174.
Poh Yap, S., Hooi Bu, C., Alengaram, U. J., Hung Mo, K., and Zamin Jumaat, M. (2014). “Flexural toughness characteristics of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced oil palm shell concrete.” Mater. Des., 57, 652–659.
Qian, C. X., and Stroeven, P. (2000). “Development of hybrid polypropylene-steel fiber reinforced concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 30(1), 63–69.
Rahmani, T., Kiani, B., Shekarchi, M., and Safari, A. (2012). “Statistical and experimental analysis on the behaviour of fiber reinforced concretes subjected to drop weight test.” Constr. Build. Mater., 37, 360–369.
Slater, E., Moni, M., and Alam, A. S. (2012). “Predicting the shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater., 26(1), 423–436.
Sorelli, L., Banthia, N., Bindiganavile, V., and Plizzari, G. (2003). “Static and dynamic responses of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete.” Int. Conf. on Advances in Concrete and Structures, REILM Publication, Bagneux, France.
Yap, S. P., Alengaram, U. J., and Jumaat, M. Z. (2013). “Enhancement of mechanical properties in polypropylene- and nylon-fiber reinforced oil palm shell concrete.” Mater. Des., 49, 1034–1041.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 17, 2016
Accepted: Oct 10, 2016
Published ahead of print: Jan 30, 2017
Published online: Jan 31, 2017
Published in print: Jun 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jun 30, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.