Abstract
Current standards introduce different test methods to be used for the determination of the dynamic properties of polymers. Some of these have been applied in the last years for the evaluation of the thermoviscoelastic properties of interlayer in laminated glass. Even the latest draft standards, which provide test methods for the determination of mechanical properties of laminated glass interlayers, hesitate in providing a definite test procedure and thus allow the use of three different test methods depending on the kind of interlayer. Here, a short review of the test methods collected from the literature is proposed and some considerations are made regarding their strengths and weaknesses. The scope of studies surveyed does not claim to be exhaustive, but simply to be representative of the variety of procedures employed in research. The necessity is stressed to converge to as limited a number of test methods as possible that are also adequately simple and can therefore be applied in most research laboratories.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Amadio, C., and Bedon, C. (2015). “Flexural and torsional buckling behavior of eccentrically compressed laminated glass elements with a viscoelastic PVB interlayer.” J. Struct. Eng, 141(6), .
Andreozzi, L., Briccoli Bati, S., Fagone, M., Ranocchiai, G., and Zulli, F. (2014). “Dynamic torsion tests to characterize the thermo-viscoelastic properties of polymeric interlayers for laminated glass.” Constr. Build. Mater., 65, 1–13.
Biolzi, L., Cagnacci, E., Orlando, M., Piscitelli, L., and Rosati, G. (2014). “Long term response of glass-PVB double-lap joints.” Compos. Part B-Eng., 63, 41–49.
Briccoli Bati, S., Ranocchiai, G., Reale, C., and Rovero, L. (2010). “Time-dependent behavior of laminated glass.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 389–396.
Callewaert, D., Belis, J., Van Impe, R., Lagae, G., and Vanlaere, W. (2007). “Refined test set-up for pure torsion of laminated glass.” Proc., Glass Performance Days, Glass Performance Days, Tampere, Finland, 119–121.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (1996). “Plastics: Determination of tensile properties—General principles.”, Brussels, Belgium.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2011). “Plastics—Determination of dynamic mechanical properties. Part 1: General principles.”, Brussels, Belgium.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2013). “Glass in building—Laminated glass and laminated safety glass—Determination of interlayer mechanical properties.” prEN16613, Brussels, Belgium.
Decourcelle, R., Nugue, J. C., and Levasseur, F. (2009). “Mechanical participation of interlayer on laminated glass for building applications.” Proc., Glass Performance Days, Glass Performance Days, Tampere, Finland, 718–721.
Delincé, D., Belis, J., Zarmati, G., and Parmentier, B. (2007). “Structural behaviour of laminated glass elementsA step towards standardization.” Proc., Glass Performance Days, Glass Performance Days, Tampere, Finland, 658–663.
D’Haene, P. (2003). “Flexural stiffness of laminated glass panels under dynamic conditions.” Proc., Glass Processing Days, Glass Processing Days, Tampere, Finland, 399–402.
D’Haene, P., and Savineau, G. (2007). “Mechanical properties of laminated safety glassFEM Study.” Proc., Glass Performance Days, Glass Performance Days, Tampere, Finland, 594–598.
Ferry, J. D. (1980). Viscoelastic properties of polymers, Wiley, New York.
Galuppi, L., and Royer-Carfagni, G. (2013). “The effective thickness of laminated glass: Inconsistency of the formulation in a proposal of EN-standards.” Compos. Part B-Eng., 55, 109–118.
Gräf, H., Schuler, C., Albrecht, G., and Bucak, O. (2003). “The influence of various support conditions on the structural behaviour of laminated glass.” Proc., Glass Processing Days, Glass Processing Days, Tampere, Finland, 408–411.
Hooper, J. A. (1973). “On the bending of architectural laminated glass.” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 15(4), 309–323.
Hooper, P. A., Blackman, B. R. K., and Dear, J. P. (2012). “The mechanical behaviour of poly(vinyl butyral) at different strain magnitudes and strain rates.” J. Mater. Sci., 47(8), 3564–3576.
Nawar, M., Salim, H., Lafta, M., and Elshihy, A. (2015). “Quasi-static performance of interlayer systems for laminated glass.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 28(1), .
Ranocchiai, G., Andreozzi, L., Zulli, F., and Fagone, M. (2016). “Effects of interlayer weathering on the structural behaviour of laminated glass structures.” Challenging glass 5, Belis, J., Bos, F., and Louter, C., eds., Ghent Univ., Ghent, Belgium.
Sobek, W., Kutterer, M., and Messmer, R. (1999). “Shear stiffness of the interlayer in laminated glass.” Proc., Glass Processing Days, Glass Processing Days, Tampere, Finland, 360–365.
Speranzini, E., and Agnetti, S. (2015). “Flexural performance of hybrid beams made of glass and pultruded GFRP.” Constr. Build. Mater., 94, 249–262.
Stevels, W., D’Hane, P., Zhang, P., and Haldeman, S. (2016). “A comparison of different methodologies for PVB interlayer modulus characterization.” Challenging glass 5, Belis, J., Bos, F., and Louter, C., eds., Ghent Univ., Ghent, Belgium.
Van Duser, A., Jagota, A., and Bennison, S. J. (1999). “Analysis of glass/polyvinyl butyral laminates subjected to uniform pressure.” J. Eng. Mech., 125(4), 435–442.
Weller, B., Kothe, C., Kothe, M., and Wunsch, J. (2009). “Thermo mechanical behaviour of polymeric interlayer materials.” Proc., Glass Performance Days, Glass Performance Days, Tampere, Finland, 734–737.
Weller, B., Wünsch, J., and Härth, K. (2005). “Experimental study on different interlayer materials for laminated glass.” Proc., Glass Processing Days, Glass Processing Days, Tampere, Finland, 120–123.
Williams, M. L., Landel, R. F., and Ferry, J. D. (1999). “The temperature dependence of relaxation mechanisms in amorphous polymers and other glass-forming liquids.” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 77(14), 3701–3707.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29 • Issue 4 • April 2017
Copyright
©2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 7, 2016
Accepted: Aug 29, 2016
Published online: Nov 11, 2016
Published in print: Apr 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Apr 11, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.