Time-Dependent Drainage Capacity and Runoff of Pervious Block Subjected to Repeated Rainfall Simulation
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 5
Abstract
To mitigate flood damage in cities, pervious concrete has been developed as a viable and sustainable alternative to traditional concrete to facilitate drainage. Previous studies have tended to evaluate the drainage capacity of pervious blocks through permeability and drainage tests in simplified conditions, giving little consideration to multiple environmental factors such as rainfall rate and temporal changes in the blocks’ drainage capacity. This study presents experimental results of the runoff and drainage capacity of pervious blocks subjected to time-dependent evaporation and corresponding changes in their degree of saturation. Different levels of repeated water charging at designated time intervals simulated the urban environment, and both runoff and drainage were continuously monitored. The results highlight that runoff can take place after certain time intervals despite the same water charge because of evaporation and prewetting-induced changes in water-retention capacity. The effects of the surface layer, the bedding layer, and clogging (all part of the urban areas) on the drainage were also observed. The findings underscore the significance of the actual, rather than the simplified laboratory-based, drainage capacity in urban areas.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Korea Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Center (KCRC) grant and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) (Nos. 2012-0008929, 2011-0030040, 20133030000240).
References
Abdel-Jawad, Y. A., and Abdullah, W. S. (2002). “Design of maximum density aggregate grading.” Constr. Build. Mater., 16(8), 495–508.
Andersen, C. T., Foster, I. D. L., and Pratt, C. J. (1999). “The role of urban surfaces (permeable pavements) in regulating drainage and evaporation: Development of a laboratory simulation experiment.” Hydrol. Process., 13(4), 597–609.
ASTM. (2009). “Standard test method for infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.” ASTM C1701, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014). “Standard test method for density and void content of freshly mixed pervious concrete.” ASTM C1688, West Conshohocken, PA.
Benavente, D., et al. (2015). “Predicting water permeability in sedimentary rocks from capillary imbibition and pore structure.” Eng. Geol., 195(2015), 301–311.
Beven, K., and Germann, P. (1982). “Macropores and water flow in soils.” Water Resour. Res., 18(5), 1311–1325.
Cembrano, G., Quevedo, J., Salamero, M., Puig, V., Figueras, J., and Marti, J. (2004). “Optimal control of urban drainage systems. A case study.” Control Eng. Pract., 12(1), 1–9.
Changnon, S. A. (2003). “Shifting economic impacts from weather extremes in the United States: A result of societal changes, not global warming.” Nat. Hazards, 29(2), 273–290.
Choi, E. S., and Moon, I. J. (2008). “The variation of extreme values in the precipitation and wind speed during 56 years in Korea.” Atmos. Korean. Meteor. Soc., 18(4), 397–416.
Deo, O., Sumannasooriya, M., and Neithalath, N. (2010). “Permeability reduction in pervious concretes due to clogging: Experiments and modeling.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 741–751.
Dong, H., and Blunt, M. J. (2009). “Pore-network extraction from micro-computerized-tomography images.” Phys. Rev. E., 80(3), 036307.
European Commission. (2013). “Community research and development information service, FLOODPROBE (technologies for the cost-effective flood protection of the built environment.” ⟨http://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/153483_en.html⟩ (Jan. 18, 2013).
Ferguson, B. K. (2005). Porous pavements, Taylor & Francis, New York.
Hsu, M. H., Chen, S. H., and Chang, T. J. (2000). “Inundation simulation for urban drainage basin with storm sewer system.” J. Hydrol., 234(1), 21–37.
Huang, B., Wu, H., Shu, X., and Burdette, E. G. (2010). “Laboratory evaluation of permeability and strength of polymer-modified pervious concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(5), 818–823.
Interpave. (2010). “Permeable pavement: Guide to the design, construction and maintenance of concrete permeable block pavements.” Precast Concrete Paving and Kerb Association, Leicester, U.K.
James, W., and Von Langsdorff, H. (2003). “The use of permeable concrete block pavement in controlling environmental stressors in urban areas.” 7th Int. Conf. on Concrete Block Paving, National Association of City Transportation Officials, New York.
Jongman, B., et al. (2014). “Increasing stress on disaster-risk finance due to large floods.” Nat. Clim. Chang., 4(4), 264–268.
Kevern, J. T., Schaefer, V. R., Wang, K., and Suleiman, M. T. (2008). “Pervious concrete mixture proportions for improved freeze-thaw durability.” J. ASTM Int., 1–12.
Korea Meteorological Administration. (2014). “National climate data.” ⟨http://www.kma.go.kr/weather/climate/extreme_daily.jsp?type=hour_pre&mm=7&x=10&y=6⟩ (Dec. 16, 2014).
Korpa, A., and Trettin, R. (2006). “The influence of different drying methods on cement paste microstructures as reflected by gas adsorption: Comparison between freeze-drying (F-drying), D-drying, P-drying and oven-drying methods.” Cem. Concr. Res., 36(4), 634–649.
KS (Korean Industrial Standards). (2000). “Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete.” KS F 2408, Seoul.
KS (Korean Industrial Standards). (2010). “Standard test method for compressive strength of concrete.” KS F 2405, Seoul.
KS (Korean Industrial Standards). (2014). “Concrete interlocking block for side walk and road.” KS F 4419, Seoul.
Lee, S. H., Kim, J. W., Yoo, I. K., and Kim, N. S. (2012). “Analysis on runoff reduction effects of detachable permeable block.” J. Korean. Soc. Hazard. Mitigation, 12(6), 157–162 (in Korean).
Lehmann, P., Assouline, S., and Or, D. (2008). “Characteristic lengths affecting evaporative drying of porous media.” Phys. Rev. E., 77(5), 056309.
Manahiloh, K. N., Muhunthan, B., Kayhanian, M., and Gebremariam, S. Y. (2012). “X-ray computed tomography and nondestructive evaluation of clogging in porous concrete field samples.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 1103–1109.
Mata, A. (2008). “Sedimentation of pervious concrete pavement system.”, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
Mehdi-Nejad, V., Mostaghimi, J., and Chandra, S. (2003). “Air bubble entrapment under an impacting droplet.” Phys. Fluids, 15(1), 173–183.
Montes, F., and Haselbach, L. (2006). “Measuring hydraulic conductivity in pervious concrete.” Environ. Eng. Sci., 23(6), 960–969.
Neithalath, N. (2004). “Development and characterization of acoustically efficient cementitious materials.” Ph.D. thesis, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
Nishiyama, N., Yokoyama, T., and Takeuchi, S. (2012). “Size distributions of pore water and entrapped air during drying-infiltration processes of sandstone characterized by water-expulsion porosimetry.” Water Resour. Res., 48(9), W09556.
Perkins, F. M., Jr. (1957). “An investigation of the role of capillary forces in laboratory water floods.” J. Petrol. Technol., 9(11), 49–51.
Sansalone, J., Kuang, X., and Ranieri, V. (2008). “Permeable pavement as a hydraulic and filtration interface for urban drainage.” J. Irrig. Drain Eng., 666–674.
Santamarina, J. C., Klein, K. A., and Fam, M. A. (2001). Soils and waves: Particulate materials behavior, characterization and process monitoring, Wiley, New York.
Schmitt, T. G., Thomas, M., and Ettrich, N. (2004). “Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems.” J. Hydrol., 299(3), 300–311.
Seoul Metropolitan Facilities Management Corporation. (2013). “Designing and building manual of sidewalk.” Seoul.
Shokri, N., Lehmann, P., and Or, D. (2010). “Evaporation from layered porous media.” J. Geophys. Res., 115(B6), B06204.
Shokri, N., and Or, D. (2011). “What determines drying rates at the onset of diffusion controlled stage-2 evaporation from porous media?” Water Resour. Res., 47(9), W09513.
Smith, D. R. (2000). “Permeable interlocking concrete pavements.” Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute, Washington, DC.
Tennis, P. D., Leming, M. L., and Akers, D. J. (2004). “Pervious concrete pavements.” Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
Thomas, J. J., and Jennings, H. M. (2006). “A colloidal interpretation of chemical aging of the CSH gel and its effects on the properties of cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res., 36(1), 30–38.
Tong, B. (2011). “Clogging effects of portland cement pervious concrete.” Ph.D. thesis, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA.
Wanielista, M., and Chopra, M. (2007). “Performance assessment of portland cement pervious pavement.” Stormwater Management Academy, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
Weizu, G., and Freer, J. (1995). “Patterns of surface and subsurface runoff generation.” Proc., IAHS Publications—Series of Rep.—Int. Association of Hydrological Sciences, International Association of Scientific Hydrology, Wallingford, U.K., 265–274.
Yang, J., and Jiang, G. (2003). “Experimental study on properties of pervious concrete pavement materials.” Cem. Concr. Res., 33(3), 381–386.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29 • Issue 5 • May 2017
Copyright
©2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 11, 2016
Accepted: Aug 29, 2016
Published online: Nov 16, 2016
Discussion open until: Apr 16, 2017
Published in print: May 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.