Basic Properties of Structural LWAC Based on Waste and Recycled Materials
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents results of experimental research on the impact of different types of lightweight aggregates and supplementary cementitious material (fly ash and metakaolin), on basic physical and mechanical properties of structural lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). The used aggregates are: lightweight aggregate obtained by firing waste materials (mixture of stone sludge, paper sludge, and fly ash) and expanded recycled glass. The results showed that it is possible to obtain structural LWAC with both types of lightweight aggregates even with substitution of cement with fly ash up to 45% (by mass). LWAC with high amount of active mineral admixtures and low water-binder ratio achieved higher compressive strength and specific strength compared to LWAC made only with portland cement. Comparison of static () and dynamic () modulus of elasticity showed that, for everyday engineering practice, static modulus of elasticity of LWAC can be determined using proposed expression with high reliability.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work reported in this paper is a part of the investigation within the research project TR 36017 “Utilization of by-products and recycled waste materials in concrete composites in the scope of sustainable construction development in Serbia: Investigation and environmental assessment of possible applications” supported by the Ministry for Science and Technology, Republic of Serbia. This support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Al-Khaiat, H., and Haque, M. N. (1998). “Effect of initial curing on early strength and physical properties of a lightweight concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 28(6), 859–866.
ASTM. (1998). “Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in concrete.” ASTM C618, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2012). “Standard specification for portland cement.” ASTM C150, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bogas, J. A., and Gomes, A. (2013). “Compressive behavior and failure modes of structural lightweight aggregate concrete–Characterization and strength prediction.” Mater. Des., 46, 832–841.
Bogas, J. A., Gomes, M. G., and Gomes, A. (2013). “Compressive strength evaluation of structural lightweight concrete by non-destructive ultrasonic pulse velocity method.” Ultrasonics, 53(5), 962–972.
Bremner, T. W., and Holm, T. A. (1986). “Elastic compatibility and the behaviour of concrete.” ACI J. Proc., 83(2), 244–250.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2000). “Concrete–Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity.” EN 206-1, Brussels, Belgium.
Chi, J. M., Huang, R., and Chang, J. J. (2003). “Effect of aggregate properties on the strength and stiffness of lightweight concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 25(2), 197–205.
Cui, H. Z., Lo, T. Y., Shazim, A. M., and Xu, W. (2012). “Effect of lightweight aggregates on the mechanical properties and brittleness of lightweight aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 35, 149–158.
Dermiboga, R., Örüng, İ., and Gül, R. (2001). “Effects of expanded perlite aggregate and mineral admixtures on the compressive strength of low-density concretes.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31(11), 1627–1632.
Ducman, V., and Mirtič, B. (2011). “Lightweight aggregate processed from waste materials.” Chapter 10. Advances in materials science research, M. C. Wythers, ed., Vol. 4, Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY, 307–323.
FIP (International Federation of Prestressed Concrete). (1983). FIP manual of lightweight aggregate concrete, 2nd Ed. Surrey University Press, London.
ISS (Institute for Standardization of Serbia). (1997). “Concrete, compacted fresh—Determination of density.” SRPS ISO 6276, Beograd, Serbia.
ISS (Institute for Standardization of Serbia). (2000). “Concrete-Determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression.” SRPS ISO 6784, Beograd, Serbia.
ISS (Institute for Standardization of Serbia). (2010a). “Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens.” SRPS EN 12390-3, Beograd, Serbia.
Kajaste, R., and Hurme, M. (2016). “Cement industry greenhouse gas emissions–Management options and abatement cost.” J. Cleaner Prod., 112(5), 4041–4052.
Ke, Y., Beaucour, A. L., Ortola, S., Dumontet, H., and Cabrillac, R. (2009). “Influence of volume fraction and characteristics of lightweight aggregates on the mechanical properties of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(8), 2821–2828.
Kockal, N. U., and Ozturan, T. (2011). “Strength and elastic properties of structural lightweight concretes.” Mater. Des., 32(4), 2396–2403.
Lo, T. Y., Cui, H. Z., and Li, Z. G. (2004). “Influence of aggregate pre-wetting and fly ash on mechanical properties of lightweight concrete.” Waste Manage., 24(4), 333–338.
Lo, T. Y., Tang, W. C., and Cui, H. Z. (2007). “The effects of aggregate properties on lightweight concrete.” Build. Environ., 42(8), 3025–3029.
Madhavi, T. Ch., Raju, L. S., and Mathur, D. (2014). “Durabilty and strength properties of high volume fly ash concrete.” J. Civ. Eng. Res., 4(2A), 7–11.
Malešev, M., Radonjanin, V., Lukić, I., and Bulatović, V. (2014). “The effect of aggregate, type and quantity of cement on modulus of elasticity of lightweight aggregate concrete.” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 39(2), 705–711.
Newman, J., and Owens, P. (2003). “Properties of lightweight concrete.” Advanced concrete technology-processes, J. Newman, and B. S. Choo, eds., Elsevier, Oxford, U.K.
Nguyen, L. H., Beaucour, A. L., Orola, S., and Noumowe, A. (2014). “Influence of the volume fraction and the nature of fine lightweight aggregates on the thermal and mechanical properties of structural concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 51(31), 121–132.
Ozyildirim, H. C. (2011). “Laboratory investigation of lightweight concrete properties.”, Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research, Charlottesville, VA.
Pauw, A. (1960). “Static modulus of elasticity of concrete as affected by density.” ACI J., 57(6), 679–687.
Surbasi, S. (2009). “The effects of using fly ash on high strength lightweight concrete produced with expanded clay aggregate.” Scientific Res. Essay, 4(4), 275–288.
Yao, Z. T., et al. (2015). “A comprehensive review on the applications of coal fly ash.” Earth-Sci. Rev., 141, 105–121.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 16, 2015
Accepted: May 25, 2016
Published online: Jul 22, 2016
Discussion open until: Dec 22, 2016
Published in print: Jan 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.