Fiber-Matrix Bond Characteristics of Alkali-Activated Slag Cement–Based Composites
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 11
Abstract
Fiber-matrix bond properties of alkali-activated slag cements (AASC)–based composites have not been studied comprehensively in literature. Within the scope of this study, the effects of AASC matrix phase composition and the silicate modulus of activator solution on the pullout behavior of steel fiber were investigated under water- and steam-curing conditions. Test results showed that AASC have a superior bond strength compared to portland cement (PC). Bond strength of AASC mortars with a compressive strength greater than 18 MPa were found higher than that of PC mortar with a compressive strength of 55 MPa. When the compressive strength of AASCs is higher than 40 MPa, the bond strength of AASC exceeds the bond strength of PC mortars that have compressive strength of 120 MPa. Microstructural analysis revealed that the map cracking in the fiber-matrix transition zone, which was induced by high drying shrinkage of AASC, can be eliminated by incorporating pozzolans. Consequently, it is possible to produce much higher-performance fiber-reinforced composites by using AASC owing to its superior adherence to steel fiber.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study is carried out by financial support of TÜBİTAK MAG, project No: 112M262. Special thanks to TÜBİTAK for their support and financial aids. Also, the author acknowledges to Mr. Mehmet YERLIKAYA from Bekaert (Turkey) for his material support.
References
Abu-Lebdeh, T., Hamoush, S., Heard, W., and Zornig, B. (2011). “Effect of matrix strength on pullout behavior of steel fiber reinforced very-high strength concrete composites.” Const. Build. Mater., 25(1), 39–46.
Aiello, M. A., Leuzzi, F., Centonze, G., and Maffezzoli, A. (2009). “Use of steel fibres recovered from waste tyres as reinforcement in concrete: Pull-out behavior, compressive and flexural strength.” Waste Manage., 29(6), 1960–1970.
ASTM. (2002). “Standard specification for flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement.” ASTM C230/C230-M-98, West Conshohocken, PA.
Aydın, S. (2010). “Development of a fiber reinforced composite with alkali activated ground granulated blast furnace slag.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul Univ., İzmir, Turkey.
Aydın, S. (2013). “A ternary optimisation of mineral additives of alkali activated cement mortars.” Constr. Build. Mater., 43, 131–138.
Aydın, S., and Baradan, B. (2013). “The effect of fiber properties on high performance alkali-activated slag/silica fume mortars.” Compos. Part B, 45(1), 63–69.
Bakharev, T., Sanjayan, J. G., and Cheng, Y. B. (2000). “Effect of admixtures on properties of alkali activated slag concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 30(9), 1367–1374.
Banthia, N., Bentur, B., and Mufti, A. (1998). Fiber reinforced concrete: present and future, The Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal.
Beglarigale, A., and Yazıcı, H. (2013). “The effect of alkali-silica reaction on steel fiber-matrix bond characteristics of cement based mortars.” Const. Build. Mater., 47, 845–860.
Beglarigale, A., and Yazıcı, H. (2015). “Pull-out behavior of steel fiber embedded in flowable RPC and ordinary mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater., 75(30), 255–265.
Bentur, A., Diamond, S., and Mindess, S. (1985). “The microstructure of the steel fibre-cement interface” J. Mater. Sci., 20(10), 3610–3620.
Bentur, A., Wu, S. T., Banthia, N., Baggott, R., Hansen, W., and Katz, A. (1995). Fibre-matrix interfaces, high performance fibre reinforced cementitious composites, Chapman and Hall, London.
Bernal, S., de Gutiérrez, R., Delvasto, S., and Rodríguez, E. (2010). “Performance of an alkali-activated slag concrete reinforced with steel fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(2), 208–214.
Chan, Y. W, and Chu, S. H. (2004). “Effect of silica fume on steel fiber bond characteristics in reactive powder concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 34(7), 1167–1172.
Chan, Y. W., and Li, V. (1997). “Effects of transition zone densification on fiber/cement paste bond strength improvement.” Adv. Cem. Based Mater., 5(1), 8–17.
Collins, F. G., and Sanjayan, J. G. (1999). “Workability and mechanical properties of alkali activated slag concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(3), 455–458.
Kayali, O. A. (2004). “Effect on high volume fly ash on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete.” Mater. Struct., 37(5), 318–327.
Kim, J. J., Kim, D. J., Kang, S. T., and Lee, J. H. (2012). “Influence of sand to coarse aggregate ratio on the interfacial bond strength of steel fibers in concrete for nuclear power plant.” Nucl. Eng. Des., 252, 1–10.
Lee, Y., Kang, S. T., and Kim, J. K. (2010). “Pullout behavior of inclined steel fiber in an ultra-high strength cementitious matrix.” Const. Build. Mater., 24(10), 2030–2041.
Orange, G., Acker, P., and Vernet, C. (1999). “A new generation of UHP concrete: DUCTAL damage resistance and micromechanical analysis.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites, RILEM Publications SARL, 101–111.
Park, S. H., Ryu, G. S., Koh, K. T., and Kim, D. J. (2014). “Effect of shrinkage reducing agent on pullout resistance of high-strength steel fibers embedded in ultra-high-performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 49, 59–69.
Shannag, M. J., Brincker, R., and Hansen, W. (1997). “Pullout behavior of steel fibers from cement-based composites.” Cem. Concr. Res., 27(6), 925–936.
Shi, C., and Xie, P. (1998). “Interface between cement paste and quartz sand in alkali-activated slag mortars.” Cem. Concr. Res., 28(6), 887–896.
Silva, F. A., Mobasher, B., Soranakom, C., and Filho, R. D. T. (2011). “Effect of fiber shape and morphology on interfacial bond and cracking behaviors of sisal fiber cement based composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 33(8), 814–823.
Tuyan, M., and Yazıcı, H. (2012). “Pull-out behavior of single steel fiber from SIFCON matrix.” Const. Build. Mater., 35, 571–577.
Wu, H. C., and Li, V. C. (1999). “Fiber/cement interface tailoring with plasma treatment.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 21(3), 205–212.
Zivica, V. (2007). “Effects of type and dosage of alkaline activator and temperature on the properties of alkali-activated slag mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(7), 1463–1469.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 11 • November 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 30, 2015
Accepted: Mar 4, 2016
Published online: Jun 9, 2016
Published in print: Nov 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Nov 9, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.