Technical Papers
May 18, 2015

Time-Dependent Behavior of Self-Consolidating Concrete Loaded at Early Age: Influence of Chemical Admixtures

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 1

Abstract

The introduction and use of chemical admixtures like polycarboxylate-based high-range water reducers (HRWR) and commercially ternary blended cements has allowed the successful production of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for casting heavily reinforced sections, with poor access for vibrators and complex shapes of formwork. However, very little information is available on the influence of these chemicals and ternary blended cements on the time-dependent behavior of SCCs and particularly for those used in repairs. A laboratory investigation was undertaken to evaluate the potential of flexural creep behavior of several SCC mixtures by comparing their time-dependent behavior, which was monitored during the first two months. From the results, it became clear that the flexural creep potential of SCC varies widely depending on the nature of the high-range water reducer (HRWR) in use. It is also shown that even when belonging to the same polycarboxylic family as per the ASTM classification, the magnitude of flexural creep also varies widely depending on the properties of the polycarboxylic chemicals admixture in use. The paper summarizes the results of the experimental study that involved the comparison of data obtained from 10 SCC mixtures.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

ACI. (2007). “Self-consolidating concrete.”, Farmington Hills, MI, 30.
Altoubat, S. A., and Lange, D. A. (2001). “Creep, shrinkage, and cracking of restrained concrete at early age.” ACI Mater. J., 98(4), 323–331.
ASTM. (2004a). “Standard test method for length change of hardened hydraulic-cement, mortar, and concrete.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2004b). “Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005). “Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2008). “Standard test method for passing ability of self-consolidating concrete by J-ring.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014a). “Standard practice for making and curing concrete test specimens in the laboratory.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014b). “Standard test method for air content of freshly mixed concrete by the pressure method.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014c). “Standard test method for density (unit weight), yield, and air content (gravimetric) of concrete.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014d). “Standard test method for slump flow of self consolidating concrete.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2014e). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
Barfield, M., and Ghafoori, N. (2012). “Air-entrained self-consolidating concrete: A study of admixtures sources.” Cem. Build. Mater., 26(1), 490–496.
Beushausen, H., and Alexander, M. G. (2006). “Failure mechanisms and tensile relaxation of bonded concrete overlays subjected to differential shrinkage.” C.C.R, 36(10), 1908–1914.
Brooks, J. J. (2000). “Elasticity, creep, and shrinkage of concretes containing admixtures, the Adam Neville symposium: Creep and shrinkage design effects.”, ACI Special Publication, Farmington Hills, MI, 283–360 .
Cabrera, J. G., Brooks, J. J., and Berenjian, J. (1993). “The effect of creep and drying shrinkage on the micromophology of cement paste containing superplasticizers.” Creep and Shrinkage of Concrete: 5th Int. RILEM Symp., RILEM, 115–120.
Canadian Standards Association. (2009). “Concrete materials and methods for construction.”, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
El-Khoury, R. (2010). “Creep and shrinkage behavior of self-consolidating concrete”. Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, 200.
Emmons, E. H., Vaysburd, A. M., and Mac-Donald, J. (1993). “A rational approach to durable concrete repairs.” Concr. Int., 15(9), 40–45.
Feldman, R. F., and Swenson, E. G. (1975). “Volume change of first drying of hydrated portland cement with and without admixtures.” C.C.R, 5(1), 25–35.
Gamble, B. R., and Parrott, L. J. (1978). “Creep of concrete in compression during drying and wetting.” Mag. Concr. Res., 30(104), 129–138.
Heirman, G., Vandewalle, L., Van Gemert, D., Boel, V., Audenaert, K., and De Schutter, G. (2008). “Time-dependent deformations of limestone powder type self compacting concrete.” Eng. Struct., 30(10), 2945–2956.
Hovington, A. (2000). “The experience of the Québec Ministry of transports with self-consolidating concrete (1997–2000).” Proc., Annual ACI Québec and Eastern Ontario Annual Meeting, Quebec, Canada, 8 (in French).
Hwang, S.-D., and Khayat, K. H. (2008). “Effect of mixture composition on restrained shrinkage cracking of self-consolidating concrete used in repair.” ACI Mater. J., 105(5), 499–509.
Hwang, S.-D., and Khayat, K. H. (2010). “Effect of mix design on restrained shrinkage of self- consolidating concrete.” Mater. Struct., 43(3), 367–380.
Khayat, K. H. (1999). “Workability, testing, and performance of self-consolidating concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 96(3), 346–354.
Khayat, K. H., and Assaad, J. (2002). “Air-void stability in self-consolidating concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 99(4), 408–416.
Khayat, K. H., and Morin, R. (2002). “Performance of self-consolidating concrete used to repair Parapet wall in Montreal.” Proc., 1st North American Conf. on Self-Consolidating Concrete, Chicago, 475–481.
Khurana, R., Magarotto, M, and Torresan, T. (2002). “New generation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer to eliminate steam curing of concrete.” Proc., Symp. on Innovations and Development in Concrete Materials and Construction, R. K. Dhir, P. C. Hewlett, and L. J. Cseteny, eds., Univ. of Dundee, Scotland, 213–224.
Kovler, K., Igarashi, S., and Bentur, A. (1999). “Tensile creep behaviour of high-strength concrete at early-ages.” Mater.Struct., 312(219), 383–387.
Lazniewska-Piekarczyk, B. (2014). “The methodology for assessing the impact of new generation superplasticizers on air content in self-consolidating concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 53, 488–502.
Leeman, A., Lura, P., and Loser, R. (2011). “Shrinkage and creep of SCC– The influence of paste volume and binder composition.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(5), 2283–2289.
Lowke, D., and Schiessl, P. (2009). “Effect of powder content and viscosity agents on creep and shrinkage of self-Compacting concrete.” Creep, shrinkage and durability mechanics of concrete structures, R. Sato, K. Maekawa, T. Tanabe, K. Sakata, H. Nakamura, and H. Mihashi, eds., Taylor and Francis Group, 655–661.
Masse, M.-B. (2010). “Study of deformationnal behavior of concrete repair.” M.Sc. thesis, Ecole polytechnique de, Montréal, Montreal, Canada, 223 (in French).
Nawa, T., Izumi, T, and Edamatsu, Y. (1998). “State-of-the-art report on materials and design of self-compacting concrete.” Proc., Int. Workshop on Self-Compacting Concrete, Kochi Univ., Kochi, Kerala, 160–190.
Neville, A. M. (2000). Properties of concrete, Eyrolles Edition, 806.
Neville, A. M., Dilger, W. H., and Brooks, J. J. J. (1983). Creep of plain and structural concrete, Construction Press, London.
Ozawa, K., Maekawa, K., and Okamura, H., (1992). “Development of high performance concrete.” J. Faculty Eng., 41(3), 381–439.
Pane, I., and Hansen, W. (2002). “Early age creep and stress relaxation of concrete containing blended cements.” Mater. Struct., 35(246), 92–96.
Persson, B. (1999). “Creep, shrinkage and elastic modulus of self-compacting concrete.” 1st Symp. on Self-Compacting Concrete, Å. Skarendahl and Ö. Petersson, Rilem Publications, 239–250.
Poppe, A.-M., and De Shutter, G. (2005). “Creep and shrinkage of self-compacting concrete.” Proc., 1st Symp. on Design, Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC ‘2005-China), Z. Yu, C. Shi, K. H. Khayat, and Y. Xie, eds., 507–516.
Ranaivomanana, N., Multon, S., and Turatsinze, T. (2013). “Basic creep of concrete under compression, tension and bending.” Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 173–180.
Sugiyama, T., Sugamata, T., and Ohta, A. (2003). “The effects of high water reducing agent on the improvement of rheological properties.” Proc., 7th CANMET/ACI Int. Conf. on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete, ACI Publications, 346–360.
Swamy, R. N., and Mahmud, H. B. (1989). “Shrinkage and creep behavior of high fly ash content concrete.” Trondheim Conf. SP-114-21, ACI Publications, 453–475 .
Thomas, D., and Wilson, L. (2002). “Admixtures for use in concrete.”, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
Turcry, P., Loukili, A., Haidar, K., Pijautier-Cabot, G, and Belaribi, A. (2006). “Cracking tendency of self-compacting concrete subjected to restrained shrinkage: Experimental study and modeling.” J. Mater. Civil Eng., 18(1), 46–54.
Uchikawa, H., Hanehara, S., and Sawaki, D. (1997). “The role of steric repulsive force in the dispersion of cement particles in fresh paste prepared with organic admixture.” Cem. Concr. Res., 27(1), 37–50.
Yasumoto, A., Edamatsu, Y., Mizukoshi, M., and Nagaoka, S. (1998). “Study on the shrinkage crack resistance of self-compacting concrete.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Advances in Concrete Technology, 4th CANMET/ACI/JCI, ACI Publications, 651–669.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28Issue 1January 2016

History

Received: Jul 16, 2014
Accepted: Feb 12, 2015
Published online: May 18, 2015
Discussion open until: Oct 18, 2015
Published in print: Jan 1, 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Aïcha F. Ghezal, Ph.D. [email protected]
Materials Engineer, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Construction, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), 1100 Rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 1K3 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Gabriel J. Assaf
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Construction, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), 1100 Rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 1K3.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share