Effect of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Type on Concrete
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 27, Issue 10
Abstract
An important aspect of sustainable construction is the recycling or reuse of the construction and demolition (C&D) waste to maintain a friendly green environment. The wide range of building materials and its compositions inhibit the efficient waste management and complete recycling after demolishing. To contribute in this field and promote the use of local waste as 100% alternative coarse aggregate in construction industry, an experimental program was carried out using samples of main Iraqi building C&D waste. The types of aggregate used represent the three main constituents within recycled aggregates: unbound stone, crushed concrete, and crushed brick. Tests for mechanical properties of different types of recycled aggregate included crushing value and abrasion resistance. Using multilinear correlation analysis, the influences of these aggregate characteristics and other parameters on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete were evaluated. The results showed that the performance of the concrete containing each type of RA was largely influenced by the aggregate nature and quality, in addition to attached mortar content.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abbas, A., et al. (2009). “Quantification of the residual mortar content in recycled concrete aggregates by image Analysis.” Mater. Charact., 60(7), 716–728.
Akhtaruzzaman, A. A., and Hasnat, A., (1983). “Properties of concrete using crushed brick as aggregate.” Concr. Inter., 5(2), 58–63.
Alduaij, J., Alshaleh, K., Haque, M. N., and Ellaithy, K. (1999). “Lightweight concrete in hot coastal areas.” Cem. Concr. Comp., 21(5–6), 453–458.
ASTM. (1993). “Standard test method for specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate.” C127-88, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (1996). “Test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens.” C39, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (1999). “Standard test method for flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregate.” D4791-99, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2000). “Standard test method for index of aggregate particle shape and texture.” D3398, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2001). “Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete.” C496, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2004). “Standard test method for bulk density (“unit weight”) and voids in aggregate.” C29, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005a). “Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete.” C642-97, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005b). “Standard test method for soundness of aggregates by use of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate.” C88-05, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2006). “Standard test method for resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine.” C131-06, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of fine aggregate.” C128-07, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2008a). “Standard specification for concrete aggregates.” C33, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2008b). “Standard test method for slump of hydraulic-cement concrete.” C143, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2012). “Standard specification for Portland cement.” C150/C150M-12, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bairagi, N. K., Kishore, R., and Pareek, V. K. (1993). “Behavior of concrete with different proportions of natural and recycled aggregates.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 9(1–2), 109–126.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (1983). “Testing concrete. Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes.” BS 1881-116, London.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (1990). “Testing aggregates. Methods for determination of aggregate crushing value (ACV) Concrete.” BS 812-110, London.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (1992). “Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete.” BS 882-1201, London.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (2006). “Concrete specification for constituent materials and concrete.” BS 8500-2, London.
CEB (Comite Euro-International Du Beton). (1990). FIP Model Code MC1990, Thomas Telford, London.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (1992). “Eurocode2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings.” Brussels, Belgium.
de Brito, J., and Robles, R. (2010). “Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) methodology for estimating its long term properties.” Indian J. Eng. Mater. Sci., 7, 449–462.
de Juan, M. S., and Gutiérrez, P. A. (2009). “Study on the influence of attached mortar content on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(2), 872–877.
Etxeberria, M., Vazquez, E., Mari, A., and Barra, M. (2007). “Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 37(5), 735–742.
Evans, R. H. (1943). “The plastic theories for the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete beams.” J. Inst. Civ. Eng., 21(2), 98–121.
Hasaba, S., Kawamuraet, M., and Toriik, K. (1981). “Drying shrinkage and durability of concrete made of recycled concrete.” Trans. Japan Concr. Inst., 3, 55–60.
Ho, N. Y., et al. (2013). “Efficient utilization of recycled concrete aggregate in structural concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 318–327.
Ismail, S., and Ramli, M. (2013). “Engineering properties of treated recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for structural applications.” Constr. Build. Mater., 44, 464–476.
Katz, A. (2003). “Properties of concrete made with recycled aggregate from partially hydrated old concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 33(5), 703–711.
Katz, A. (2004). “Treatments for the improvement of recycled aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 597–603.
Kou, S. C., and Poon, C. S. (2013). “Long-term mechanical and durability properties of recycled aggregate concrete prepared with the incorporation of fly ash.” Cem. Concr. Comp., 37, 12–19.
Kou, S. C., Poon, C. S., and Chan, D. (2007). “Influence of fly ash as cement replacement on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 709–717.
Kou, S. C., Poon, C. S., and Etxeberria, M. (2011). “Influence of recycled aggregates on long term mechanical properties and pore size distribution of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Comp., 33(2), 286–291.
Li, X. (2008). “Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in China. Part I: Material behavior of recycled aggregate concrete.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 53(1–2), 36–44.
Limbachiya, M. C. (2004). “Coarse recycled aggregates for use in new concrete.” Eng. Sustain., 157(2), 99–106.
Lopez-Gayarre, F., Serna, P., Domingo-Cabo, A., Serrano-Lopez, M. A., and Lopez-Colina, C. (2009). “Influence of recycled aggregate quality and proportioning criteria on recycled concrete properties.” Waste Manage., 29(12), 3022–3028.
Manzi, S., Mazzotti, C., and Bignozzi, M. C. (2013). “Short and long-term behavior of structural concrete with recycled concrete aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Comp., 37, 312–318.
Matias, D., de Brito, J., Rosa, A., and Pedro, D. (2013). “Mechanical properties of concrete produced with recycled coarse aggregates—Influence of the use of super plasticizers.” Constr. Build. Mater., 44, 101–109.
McDonald, B. R. (1996). “Waste minimization and environmental program.” Proc., CIB Commission Meetings and Presentations, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia.
Mulheron, M. (1988). “The recycling of demolition debris: Current practice, products and standards in the United Kingdom.” Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Demolition and Reuse of Concrete and Masonry, Tokyo, 510–519.
Murdock, J. W., and Kesler, C. E., (1957). “Effect of length to diameter ratio of specimen on the apparent compressive strength of concrete.” ASTM Bull., 221, 68–73.
Neville, A. M. (2003). Properties of concrete, ACI International, Farmington Hills, MI.
Oikonomou, N. D. (2005). “Recycled concrete aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Comp., 27(2), 315–318.
Paine, K. A., and Dhir, R. K. (2010). “Recycled aggregates in concrete: A performance-related approach.” Mag. Concr. Res., 62(7), 519–530.
Rahal, K. N., and El Hawary, M. (2002). “Shear stress tests of epoxy modified reinforced concrete beams.” ACI Struct. J., 99(66), 811–818.
Rao, M. C., Bhattacharyya, S. K., and Barai, S. V. (2011). “Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on properties of concrete.” Mater. Struct., 44(1), 205–220.
Ravindrarajah, R. S., Stewart, M., and Greco, D. (2000). “Variability of recycled concrete aggregate and its effects on concrete properties: A case of study in Australia.” Proc., Int. Workshop on Recycled Aggregate, Niigata, 9–25.
Ravindrarajah, R. S., and Tam, C. T. (2005). “Properties of concrete made with crushed concrete as coarse aggregate.” Mag. Concr. Res., 37(130), 29–38.
Sagoe-Crentsil, K. K., Brown, T., and Taylor, A. H. (2001). “Performance of concrete made with commercially produced coarse recycled concrete aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31(5), 707–712.
Schultz, R. R. (1988). “Concrete with recycled rubble—Developments in West Germany.” Proc., 2nd Int. RILEM Symp. on Demolition and Reuse of Concrete and Masonry. 2: Reuse of Demolition Waste, Y. Kasai, ed., Chapman and Hall, London, 500–509.
Soutsos, M. N., Tang, K., and Millard, S. G. (2011). “Concrete building blocks made with recycled demolition aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2), 726–735.
Tangchirapat, W., Rattanashotinunt, C., Buranasing, R., and Jaturapitakkul, C. (2010). “Use of high fineness of fly ash to improve properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 565–571.
Topcu, I. B., and Sengel, S. (2009). “Properties of concretes produced with waste concrete aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Res., 34(8), 1307–1312.
TR 14. (2011). “Best practice guide for the use of recycled aggregates in new concrete.” Cement & Concrete Association TR 14 New Zealand.
Tu, T. Y., Chen, Y. Y., and Hwang, C. L. (2006). ”Properties of HPC with recycled aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Res., 36(5), 943–950.
Ulloa, V. A., Taengua, E. G., Pelufo, M. J., Domingo, A., and Serna, P. (2013). “New views on effect of recycled aggregates on concrete compressive strength.” ACI Mater. J., 110(6), 687–696.
WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development). (2009). “Concrete recycling: The cement sustainability initiative.” 〈http://www.wbcsdcement.org/pdf/CSI-RecyclingConcrete-FullReport.pdf〉 (Nov. 2009).
Wu, K. R., Chen, B., Yao, W., and Zhang, D. (2001). “Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of high performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31(10), 1421–1425.
Xiaoa, J., Lia, J., and Zhang, C. (2005). “Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial loading.” Cem. Concr. Res., 35(6), 1187–1194.
Yang, K. H., Chung, H. S., and Ashour, A. (2008). “Influence of type and replacement level of recycled aggregates on concrete properties.” ACI Mater. J., 105(3), 289–296.
Younis, K. H., and Pilakoutas, K. (2013). “Strength prediction model and methods for improving recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 49, 688–701.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 27 • Issue 10 • October 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 13, 2014
Accepted: Nov 14, 2014
Published online: Dec 30, 2014
Discussion open until: May 30, 2015
Published in print: Oct 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.