Mitigation of Detrimental Effects of Alkali-Silica Reaction in Cement-Based Composites by Combination of Steel Microfibers and Ground-Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 12
Abstract
The effect of combining brass-coated steel microfiber and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on the mitigation of deleterious expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) was investigated in this research. A potentially reactive basaltic aggregate was chosen as a reactive material. Two series of specimens containing different amounts of microfiber were prepared. One of them was cured in 1 M NaOH solution at 80°C to obtain a similar maturity; the other series was cured in 80°C water up to 120 days. ASR expansion, strength development, and toughness properties were observed for 120 days in NaOH solution and the results were compared with specimens kept in water. Test results indicate that the combination of GGBS and steel fibers reduced ASR expansion significantly. Furthermore, the combination was very effective at preventing the mechanical property loss due to ASR, such as flexural strength, compressive strength, and toughness. Microstructural investigations revealed that the reaction products had a different morphology (e.g., fibrous, network appearance) when the specimens were kept in NaOH solution.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the MSc. Giray ALPTUNA for his valuable assistance during the experimental program. The authors would also like to thank Mr. Mehmet Yerlikaya from Bekaert (Turkey) and Mr. Hakan Şenvardarli from the Karçimsa Cement Factory for their material support.
References
American Concrete Institute. (1998). “State of the art report on alkali-aggregate reactivity.”, Detroit.
Andiç, Ö., Yardımcı, M. Y., and Ramyar, K. (2008). “Performance of carbon, polyvinylalcohol and steel based microfibers on alkali–silica reaction expansion.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(7), 1527–1531.
ASTM. (2002). “Standard test method for potential alkali reactivity of aggregates (Mortar-bar method).” C1260-01, Annual Book of ASTM, Vol. 04.02, Concrete and Aggregates, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2004). “Standard test methods for sampling and testing fly ash or natural pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete.” C 311, Annual Book of ASTM, Vol. 04.02, Concrete and Aggregates, West Conshohocken, PA.
Barona de la O, F. (1951). “Alkali-aggregate expansion corrected with Portland-slag cement.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 47(3), 545–552.
Bouikni, A., Swamy, R. N., and Bali, A. (2009). “Durability properties of concrete containing 50% and 65% slag.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(8), 2836–2845.
Çopuroğlu, O., Andiç, Ö., Broekmans, M. A. T. M., and Kühnel, R. (2009). “Mineralogy, geochemistry and expansion testing of an alkali-reactive basalt from western Anatolia, Turkey.” Mater. Charact., 60(7), 756–766.
Cox, H. P., Coleman, R. B., and White, L. (1950). “Effect of blast furnace-slag cement on alkali aggregate reaction in concrete.” Pit Quarry., 45(5), 95–96.
Duchesne, J., and Bérubé, M. A. (2001). “Long-term effectiveness of supplementary cementing materials against alkali–silica reaction.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31(7), 1057–1063.
Fernandes, I., Noronha, F., and Teles, M. (2004). “Microscopic analysis of alkali–aggregate reaction products in a 50-year-old concrete.” Mater. Charact., 53(2–4), 295–306.
García-Lodeiro, I., Palomo, A., and Fernández-Jiménez, A. (2007). “Alkali–aggregate reaction in activated fly ash systems.” Cem. Concr. Res., 37(2), 175–183.
Haddad, R. H., and Smadi, M. M. (2004). “Role of fibers in controlling unrestrained expansion and arresting cracking in Portland cement concrete undergoing alkali–silica reaction.” Cem. Concr. Res., 34(1), 103–108.
Hester, D., McNally, C., and Richardson, M. (2005). “A study of the influence of slag alkali level on the alkali–silica reactivity of slag concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 19(9), 661–665.
Hobbs, D. W. (1988). Alkali-silica reaction in concrete, Thomas Telford, London.
Hobbs, D. W., and Gutteridge, W. A. (1979). “Particle size of aggregate and its influence upon the expansion caused by the alkali-silica reaction.” Mag. Concr. Res., 31(109), 235–242.
Kawamura, M., and Takemoto, K. (1988). “Correlation between pore solution composition and alkali silica expansion in mortars containing various fly ashes and blastfurnace slags.” Int. J. Cem. Compos. Lightweight Concr., 10(4), 215–223.
Kwon, Y. J. (2005). “A study on the alkali-aggregate reaction in high-strength concrete with particular respect to the ground granulated blast-furnace slag effect.” Cem. Concr. Res., 35(7), 1305–1313.
Mather, B. (1999). “How to make concrete that will not suffer deleterious alkali-silica reaction.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(8), 1277–1280.
Mohr, B. J., Hood, K. L., and Kurtis, K. E. (2009). “Mitigation of alkali–silica expansion in pulp fiber-mortar composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 31(9), 677–681.
Monteiro, P. J. M., Wang, K., Sposito, G., Santos, M. C. D., and Andrade, W. P. D. (1997). “Influence of mineral admixtures on the alkali-aggregate reaction.” Cem. Concr. Res., 27(12), 1899–1909.
Nagataki, S., and Wu, C. (1995). “A study of the properties of Portland cement incorporating silica fume and blast furnace slag.” ACI Special Publication, 153, 1051–1068.
Pepper, L., and Mather, B. (1953). “Effectiveness of mineral admixtures in preventing excessive expansion of concrete due to alkali-aggregate reaction.” ACI Special Publication, 223, 23–54.
Prezzi, M., Monteiro, P. J. M., and Sposito, G. (1998). “Alkali-silica reaction. Part 2: The effect of chemical additives.” ACI Mater. J., 95(1), 3–10.
Rasheeduzzafar and Hussain, S. E. (1991). “Effect of microsilica and blast furnace slag on pore solution composition and alkali-silica reaction.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 13(3), 219–225.
Swamy, R. N. (1992). The alkali–silica reaction in concrete, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Turanli, L., Shomglin, K., Ostertag, C. P., and Monteiro, P. J. M. (2001). “Reduction in alkali-silika expansion due to steel microfibers.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31(5), 825–827.
Yazıcı, H. (2012). “The effect of steel micro-fibers on ASR expansion and mechanical properties of mortars.” Constr. Build. Mater., 30, 607–615.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 26 • Issue 12 • December 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 18, 2013
Accepted: Dec 10, 2013
Published online: Dec 12, 2013
Discussion open until: Nov 20, 2014
Published in print: Dec 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.