Technical Notes
Aug 5, 2013

Testing and Acceptance Criteria for Fiber-Reinforced Composite Grid Connectors Used in Concrete Sandwich Panels

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 6

Abstract

Precast concrete sandwich panels have been used in building construction since the 1960s. These sandwich wall panels are constructed with two wythes of concrete separated by a layer of thermal foam plastic insulation and a shear connector mechanism between concrete wythes. Recently, more research is focused on fiber-reinforced composite grids as shear connectors due to their superior thermal performance compared to other connectors such as steel or solid concrete. However, while there are guidelines for design of concrete sandwich panels, there is no standardized guidance that provides testing and capacity determination for composite shear connectors. Therefore, testing and acceptance criteria were developed to evaluate the shear transfer capacities of fiber-reinforced composite grid connectors used in combination with rigid insulation in concrete sandwich panel construction. The criteria are intended to standardize testing and evaluation of the interaction between concrete and composite shear connectors so manufacturers can provide consistent results, and the data pool generated by standardized testing can support the formulation of design assumptions.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2008). “Guide for the design and construction of externally bonded FRP systems for strengthening concrete structures.”, Detroit, MI.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2011). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.”, Detroit, MI.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2013). “Material specification for carbon and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials made by wet layup for externally reinforcing concrete structures (under development, 2013).”, Detroit, MI.
ASTM. (2002). “Standard practice for testing water resistance of coatings in 100 percent relative humidity.” D2247, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2003). “Standard practice for determining chemical resistance of thermosetting resins used in glass-fiber-reinforced structures intended for liquid service.” C581, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2006). “Standard practice for static load test for shear resistance of framed walls for buildings.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials.”, West Conshohocken, PA.
Benayoune, A., Abdul Samad, A. A., Trikha, D. N., Abang Ali, A. A., and Ellinna, S. H. M. (2008). “Flexural behavior of pre-cast concrete sandwich composite panel: Experimental and theoretical investigations.” Constr. Build. Mater., 22(4), 580–592.
Gastmeyer, R., and Donahey, R. C. (2003). “GFRP connector and partially precast concrete sandwich panel system.” SP-215: Field applications of FRP reinforcement: Case studies, American Concrete Institute (ACI), Detroit MI, 103–119.
Gleich, H. (2007). “New carbon fiber reinforcement advances sandwich wall panels.” Struct. Mag., 61–63.
ICC Evaluation Service. (2001). “Acceptance criteria for composite wall and roof panel systems with an expanded polystyrene core and spray- or trowel-applied cementitious facings.”, Los Angeles, CA.
ICC Evaluation Service. (2010). “Acceptance criteria for semicontinuous fiber-reinforced grid connectors used in combination with rigid insulation in concrete sandwich panel construction.”, Los Angeles, CA.
ICC Evaluation Service. (2012). “Concrete and reinforced and unreinforced masonry strengthening using externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems.”, Los Angeles, CA.
Insel, E., Olsen, M. D., Tanner, J. E., and Dolan, C. W. (2006). “Carbon fiber connectors for concrete sandwich panels.” ACI Concr. Int., 28(10), 33–38.
International Code Council. (2012). International building code, Country Club Hills, Chicago, IL.
PCI Committee Report. (2011). “State of the art of precast/prestressed concrete sandwich wall panels.” PCI J., Spring, 131–176.
Pong, W. A., Morgan Girgis, A. F., Tadros, M. K. (2005). “Proposed GFRP connectors in sandwich panels.” SP-230, 7th Int. Symp. on Fiber-Reinforced (FRP) Polymer Reinforcement for Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute (ACI), Detroit, MI, 21–37.
Rizkalla, S. H., Hassan, T. K., and Lucier, G. (2009). “FRP shear transfer mechanism for precast, prestressed concrete sandwich load-bearing panels.” SP-265, Thomas T.C. Hsu Symp.: Shear and Torsion in Concrete Structures, American Concrete Institute (ACI), Detroit, MI, 603–625.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 26Issue 6June 2014

History

Received: Feb 25, 2013
Accepted: Aug 2, 2013
Published online: Aug 5, 2013
Published in print: Jun 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 11, 2014

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Mahmut Ekenel, Ph.D. [email protected]
P.E.
A.M.ASCE
Senior Staff Engineer, International Code Council Evaluation Center, 5360 Workman Mill Rd., Whittier, CA 90601. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share