Strength Characteristics of Soils Mixed with an Organic Acid Material for Improvement
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 12
Abstract
New eco-friendly materials for soil improvement have been developed recently for construction purposes in civil engineering. An organic acid material encourages microbe proliferation over time and accelerates consolidation by biochemical penetration; soil particles are compacted by microbes and pore water is dissipated quickly. However, the effectiveness of organic acid has not yet been established. To investigate the strength characteristics of soil mixed with an organic acid, unconfined compressive strength tests were performed after aging soil samples with and without the organic acid. After 96 days of aging, the strength was generally 1.5–2.5 times greater than that without the organic acid. The pore structure of the soils was observed to change in a scanning electron microscopy analysis, and the change of total bacterial counts revealed the activity of microbes that reflects the strength characteristics. Moreover, this material is likely to be environmentally friendly according to the pH test.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their special thanks to Piastone Corp. in South Korea for providing Con-α during the experimental work and to Osaki Corp. in Japan for technical assistance.
References
Aciego Pietri, J. C., and Brookes, P. C. (2008). “Relationships between soil pH and microbial properties in a UK arable soil.” Soil Biol. Biochem., 40(7), 1856–1861.
ASTM. (2007a). “Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil.” D2166, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007b). “Standard test method for pH of soils.” D4972, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2009). “Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort .” D1557, West Conshohocken, PA.
Brady, N. C., and Weil, R. R. (2002). The nature and properties of soil, 13th Ed., Springer, NJ, 249.
Chapman, H. D. (1965). “Cation-exchange capacity.” Methods of soil analysis—Chemical and microbiological properties, Black, C. A.ed., Agronomy Monograph 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, 891–901.
David, M. S., Jeffry, J. F., Peter, G. H., and David, A. Z. (2005). Principles and applications of soil microbiology, Second Ed., Pearson Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 33–50.
DeJong, J. T., Fritzges, M. B., and Nüslein, K. (2006). “Microbially induced cementation to control sand response to undrained shear.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132(11), 1381–1392.
Hobbie, J. E., Daley, R. J., and Jasper, S. (1977). “Use of nuclepore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 33(5), 1255–1258.
Kawasaki, S., Ogata, S., Hiroyoshi, N., Tsunekawa, M., Kaneko, K., and Terajima, R. (2010). “Effect of temperature on precipitation of calcium carbonate using soil microorganisms.” J. Jpn. Soc. Eng. Geol., 51(1), 10–18 (in Japanese).
Krebs, H. A., Gurin, S., and Eggleston, L. V. (1952). “The pathway of oxidation of acetate in baker’s yeast.” Biochem. J., 51(5), 614–628.
Mehlich, A. (1948). “Determination of cation and anion exchange properties of cells.” Soil Sci., 66(6), 429–445.
Osaki Corporation. (2011). “Construction manual for Con-.” 〈http://www.osaki-c.co.jp/〉 (Feb. 1, 2011).
Osamu, Y., Masaya, I., Yasuhiro, U., and Shunsuke, H. (2006). “A method for the determination of total Cr (VI) in cement.” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 26(4–5), 785–795.
Otsuki, N., Yodsudjai, W., and Nishida, T. (2007). “Feasibility study on soil improvement using electrochemical technique.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(5), 1046–1051.
Park, S. G., and Lee, S. W. (1990). “The influence of organic matter on soil aggregation in forest soils.” J. Kor. Forest Soc., 79(4), 367–375 (in Korean).
Stotzky, G. (1985). “Mechanisms of adhesion to clays, with reference to soil systems.” Bacterial adhesion, Savage, D. C., and Fletcher, M., eds., Plenum Press, New York, 199–253.
Terajima, R., Shimada, S., Oyama, T., and Kawasaki, S. (2009). “Fundamental study of siliceous biogrout for eco-friendly soil improvement.” J. Geotech. Geoenv. Eng. JSCE, 65(1), 120–130 (in Japanese).
Tisdall, J. M., and Oades, J. M. (1982). “Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils.” J. Soil Sci., 33(2), 141–163.
Van Paassen, L. A., Ghose, R., van der Linden, T. J. M., van der Star, W. R. L., and van Loosdrecht, M. C. M. (2010). “Quantifying biomediated ground improvement by ureolysis: Large-scale biogrout experiment.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 136(12), 1721–1728.
Wei, C.-F. et al. (2008). “Soil aggregation and its relationship with organic carbon of purple soils in the Sichuan Basin, China.” Agric. Sci. China, 7(8), 987–998.
Whiffin, V. S., van Paassen, L. A., and Harkes, M. P. (2007). “Microbial carbonate precipitation as a soil improvement technique.” Geomicrobiol. J., 24(5), 417–423.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 27, 2011
Accepted: Mar 16, 2012
Published online: Nov 15, 2012
Published in print: Dec 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.