Rough Surface Finishing of Stone-Faced Sandwich Panels Using High Pressure Waterjet
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 7
Abstract
The natural stone veneer used to clad sandwich panels needs to be less than 1 cm thick to ensure a lightweight structure. However, diminishing the thickness reduces slab strength, which is important when the stone is to be rough finished. Thus, traditional techniques such as bush-hammering and flaming are unfeasible for these veneers. The main aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using high pressure waterjet technology for stone veneer finishing. First, the characteristics of the stone were determined (origin, petrography chemistry, strength). Suitable combinations of waterjet operating parameters (pressure, traverse speed, distance between successive passes) were then tested to determine optimal results in terms of both performance and aesthetics. The investigation demonstrated the success of this technique for processing large slabs (), with thickness of just 3 mm, thus also overcoming the problems involved in maneuvering heavy slabs with thickness of more than 2 cm. Surface roughness analysis of the treated stone showed it to compare favorably with competing technologies, with the advantage that waterjet maintains the natural color of the rock. Finally, some economic considerations are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank Sardegna Ricerche for supplying the sandwich panels used in the tests.
References
Agus, M., Bortolussi, A., Ciccu, R., Kim, W. M., and Manca, P. P. (1993). “The influence of rock properties on waterjet performance.” Proc., 7th American Water Jet Conf., Hashish, M., ed., Water Jet Technology Association, St. Louis, 427–442.
Agus, M., Bortolussi, A., Ciccu, R., Manca, P. P., Massacci, G., and Bosu, M. (1991). “Jet impingements tests on mineral crystals.” Proc., 1st Asian Conf. on Recent Advances in Jetting Technology, CI-Premier, Singapore, 1–9.
Careddu, N. (2006). “Developments in the surface finishing of ornamental rocks by high-pressure water jet without abrasive and proposal for an official name for the process.” Diamante—Applicazioni e Tecnologia, n. 47, G & M Associated sas, Anno 12, 65–77.
Careddu, N. (2008). “Granite surface processing by abrasive water-jet technology.” Proc., Second Int. Congress on Dimension Stones, Pacini Editore, Pisa, Italy, 169–174.
Careddu, N. (2009). “Working granite surfaces with a high-pressure water-jet: A comparison of abrasives and economic considerations.” Rivista tecnica “Marmomacchine”, No. 208, Promorama Edizioni, Milano, Italy, 50–68.
Careddu, N. (2010). “Surface treatment of ornamental stones by high-pressure, water-jet technology.” Mining Eng.MIENAB, 62(7), 44–50.
Careddu, N., Ciccu, R., and Costa, G. (2005). “Applicazione della tecnologia water-jet alla lavorazione superficiale dei graniti.” Marmomacchine classic, No. 184, Promorama Edizioni, Milano, Italy, 218–238 (in Italian).
Deutsches Institut für Normung. (1990). DIN 4768. “Ermittlung der Rauheitsskenngrößen Ra, Rz, Rmax mit elektrischen Tastschnittegeräten.” Begriffe Meßbedingungen, Beuth Verlag, Berlin (in German).
Feinprüf Perthen, GmbH. (1995). “Definitions, surface texture parameters.” Perthometer operating instructions, Göttingen, Germany.
Freedman, S. (2000). “Stone veneer-faced precast concrete panels.” PCI J.PCIJEE, 45(4), 72–99.
Frisa Morandini, A., Gonzales Toboada, J. A., and Oggeri, C. (1993). “Misura del grado di lucidità di elementi lapidei [Polishing measurement of stones].” Proc., II Congresso Ítalo-Brasileiro de Engenharia de Minas, Vol. 2, Lis Gráfica e Editora LTDA, Sao Paulo, Brasil, 649–664 (in Italian).
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2010). “Geometrical product specifications (GPS)—Surface texture: Profile method—Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters.” DIN EN ISO 4287, 2010. (ISO 4287∶1997 + Cor 1∶1998 + Cor 2∶2005 + Amd 1∶2009); German version ENISO 4287∶1998 + AC:2008 + A1∶2009 DIN-adopted, European-adopted, ISO Standard.
International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM). (2007). The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization testing and monitoring: 1974–2006, Ulusay, R., and Hudson, J. A., eds., ISRM Turkish National Group, Lisbon, Portugal.
Kurtis, K. E., and Dharan, C. K. H. (1997). “Composite fibers for external reinforcement of natural stone.” J. Compos. Constr.JCCOF2, 1(3), 116–119.
Miranda, R. M., and Quintino, L. (2005). “Microstructural study of material removal mechanisms observed in abrasive waterjet cutting of calcareous stones.” Mater. Charact.MACHEX, 54(4–5), 370–377.
Primavori, P. (2010). “Surface finishes on stone materials.” Directory 2010, Chapter IX, Marmomacchine Servizi s.r.l., Milano, Italy.
Ramsey, C. G., and Sleeper, H. R. (2007). Architectural graphic standards, 11th Ed., Pressman, A., ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
Scheffler, M. J., and Kneezel, D. S. (2007). “Testing of composite stone faced aluminum honeycomb panels.” J. ASTM Int.JAIOAD, 4(7), 1–14.
Schouenborg, B., Grelk, B., and Malaga, K. (2007). “Testing and assessment of marble and limestone (team)—Important results from a large European research project on cladding panels.” Dimension stone use in building construction, Section IV, Hoigard, K. R., and Scheffler, M. J., eds., ASTM Stock Number: STP1499, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
Singh, P., and Munoz, J. (1993). “Cost optimization of abrasive waterjet cutting systems.” Proc., 7th American Water Jet Conf., Water Jet Technology Association, St. Louis, 191–204.
Summers, D. A. (1995). Waterjetting technology, E & FN Spon, London, 687–697.
Winkler, E. M. (1997). Stone in architecture: Properties, durability, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Zeng, J., and Kim, T. (1993). “Parameter prediction and cost analysis in abrasive waterjet cutting operations.” Proc., 7th American Water Jet Conf., Water Jet Technology Association, St. Louis, 175–189.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24 • Issue 7 • July 2012
Pages: 907 - 915
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 5, 2011
Accepted: Dec 21, 2011
Published online: Jun 15, 2012
Published in print: Jul 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.