Comparison of Single- and Two-Bolted LVL Perpendicular-to-Grain Connections. II: Fracture Models
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24, Issue 4
Abstract
Previous research of structural composite lumber connections loaded perpendicular to grain has shown brittle failure by splitting. In previous testing, two different laminated veneer lumber (LVL) materials with single and two bolts in a row loaded perpendicular to grain were compared with fracture mechanics models proposed by Van der Put and Jensen and splitting capacity equations from Eurocode No. 5. Connection strength values of two-bolt connections were larger than single-bolt connections owing to the increased distance to the farthest fastener. The first LVL material (LVL-1) had significantly larger predicted capacity strength values than the other LVL material (LVL-2) for the same configuration owing to larger mode I fracture energy and tension perpendicular-to-grain strength values. A rederivation of the brittle failure constant specifically for LVL materials would improve performance of Eurocode No. 5 predictions. The different fracture models had improved connection prediction values when the tension perpendicular-to-grain strength of the main member was included in the models. This property appears to be more important than shear properties for splitting behavior.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA). (1999). “General dowel equations for calculating lateral connection values.” Technical Rep. 12, AF&PA, Washington, DC.
American Forest and Paper Association (AF&PA). (2005). National design specification for wood construction, AF&PA, Washington, DC.
ASTM. (2005a). “Standard test methods of static tests of lumber in structural sizes.” ASTM D 198-05, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005b). “Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber.” ASTM D 143-94,West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2005c). “Standard test methods for plane-strain fracture toughness and strain energy release rate of plastic materials..” ASTM D 5045-99, West Conshohocken, PA
ASTM. (2005d). “Standard test method for plain-strain fracture toughness of metallic materials..” ASTM E 399-90, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bickford, J.H. and Nassar, S. (1998). Handbook of bolts and bolted joints, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Comité Européen de Normalisation. (2005). “Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.” ENV 2005-1-1, Comité Européen de Normalisation, Brussels, Belgium.
Finkenbinder, D. (2007). “An experimental investigation of structural composite lumber loaded by a dowel in perpendicular to grain orientation at yield and capacity.” M.S. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ. Blacksburg, VA.
Harrison, S. K. and Hindman, D. P. (2007). “Test method comparison of shear modulus evaluation of MSR and SCL products.” For. Prod. J.FPJOAB, 57(7/8), 32–38.
Hindman, D. P., Finkenbinder, D., Loferski, J. R., and Line, P. (2010). “Predicting the strength of scl dowel connections loaded perpendicular to grain. Part II: Fracture mechanics equation.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng.JMCEE7, 22(12), 1226–1234.
Jensen, J. L. (2003). “Splitting strength of beams loaded by connections.” Paper 36-7-8, Proc., Meeting 36, Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18, Timber Structures, Danish Timber Information, Lyngby, Denmark.
Jensen, J. L., Gustafsson, P. J., and Larsen, H. J. (2003). “A tensile fracture model for joints with rods or dowels loaded perpendicular to grain.” Paper 36-7-9, Proc., Meeting 36, Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18, Timber Structures, Danish Timber Information, Lyngby, Denmark.
Kasim, M., and Quenneville, J. H.P. (2002). “Effect of row spacing on the capacity of perpendicular to grain loaded timber joints with multiple timber connections loaded perpendicular to grain.” Paper 35-7-6, Proc., Meeting 35, Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18, Timber Structures, Danish Timber Information, Lyngby, Denmark.
Patel, M. C., and Hindman, D. P. (2012). “Comparison of single- and two-bolted LVL perpendicular-to-grain connections. I: National Design Specification for Wood Construction equations.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 24(4), 339–346.JMCEE7
Porteous, J., and Kermani, A. (2007). Structural timber design to Eurocode-5, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
Quenneville, J. H. P., and Mohammad, M. (2001). “A proposed canadian design approach for bolted connections loaded perpendicular to grain: Joints in timber structures.” Proc., Int. RILEM Symp., RILEM, Bagneux, France.
Ramskill, T. E. (2002). “Effect of cracking on lag bolt performance.” Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ. Blacksburg, VA.
Smith, I., and Foliente, G. C. (2002). “Load and resistance factor design of timber joints: International practice and future directions.” J. Struct. Eng.JSENDH, 128(1), 48–59.
Smith, I., Kharout, N., and McClure, G. (1999). “fracture modeling of bolted connections in wood and composites.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng.JMCEE7, 11(4), 345–352.
Smith, I., Landis, E., and Gong, M. (2003). Fracture and fatigue in wood, Wiley, Sussex, U.K.
Smith, I., Snow, M., and Asiz, A. (2008). “Failure characteristics of engineered wood products connections.” World Conf. on Timber Engineering, Engineered Wood Products Association, Madison, WI.
Snow, M., Smith, I., and Asiz, A.(2004a). “Dowel joints in engineered wood products: Assessment of simple fracture mechanics models.” Paper 37-7-15, Proc., Meeting 37, Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18, Timber Structures, Danish Timber Information, Lyngby, Denmark.
Snow, M., Asiz, A., and Smith, I. (2004b). “Failure behaviour of single dowel connections in engineered wood products.” Proc., 5th Structural Specialty Conf. of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, Canada.
Van der Put, T. A.C.M. and Leijten, A. J.M. (2000). “Evaluation of perpendicular to grain failure of beams caused by concentrated loads at joints.” Paper 33-7-7, Proc., Meeting 33, Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18, Timber Structures, Danish Timber Information, Lyngby, Denmark.
Yasumura, M. (2001). “Criteria for damage and failure of dowel-type joints subjected to force perpendicular to grain.” Paper 34-7-9, Proc., Meeting 34, Int. Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18, Timber Structures, Danish Timber Information, Lyngby, Denmark.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 24 • Issue 4 • April 2012
Pages: 347 - 355
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 16, 2010
Accepted: Nov 22, 2011
Published online: Nov 24, 2011
Published in print: Apr 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.