Paper Mill Sludge Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 6
Abstract
Paper mill sludge is often incinerated for heat recovery and volume reduction. In Italy, about 600,000 t of paper mill sludge is produced yearly. About 6 kg of sludge is produced per ton of paper produced. The paper mill sludge is recovered from a primary mechanical separation process. When it is combusted as a single fuel source, it produces paper mill sludge ash (PA). In this project, PA was studied to evaluate its use as a supplementary cementitious material in mortars and concrete manufacturing. On the basis of the data collected, it was concluded that PA, if used to replace up to 10% of the portland cement, shows a positive effect on the mechanical performance of mortars. On the other hand, because of its high fineness and consequently high water absorption, it required a higher amount of water. It was concluded that the use of PA should not be higher than 10% by weight of the cement replaced, unless mortar mixtures are judiciously proportioned.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abrams, D. A. (1918). “Design of concrete mixtures.” Structural Materials Research Laboratory, Bull. 1, Lewis Institute, Chicago.
Anthony, E., Preto, F., Herb, B. E., and Lewnard, J. J. (1993). “The technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of recovering energy from paper mill residual fibers.” Fluidized Bed Combustion, ASME, 1, 239–247.
Asquini, L., Furlani, E., Bruckner, S., and Maschio, S. (2008). “Production and characterization of sintered ceramics from paper mill sludge and glass cullet.” Chemosphere, 71, 83–89.
CANMET. (2005). “Pulp and paper sludge to energy—Preliminary assessment of technologies.” Energy Technology Centre, Ottawa.
Carino, N. J. (1984). “The maturity method: Theory and application.” Cem. Concr, Aggregates, 6(2), 61–67.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (1997). “Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates—Determination of particle size distribution—Sieving method.” EN 933-1, Brussels.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (1999). “Testing fresh concrete—Slump test.”, EN 12350-2, Brussels.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2000a). “Cement—Part 1: Composition, specifications, and conformity criteria for common cements.” EN 197-1, Brussels.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2000b). “Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates—Determination of particle density and water absorption.” EN 1097-6, Brussels.
Ernstbrunner, L. (1997). “Rejects from paper manufacture utilized in the cement works.” Das Papier, 51(6), 284–286.
Göttsching, L., Hamm, U., Platzer, E., and Putz, H. J. (1996). “Analysis of waste paper recycling and disposal options in Germany.” IIED Rep.
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC). (2001). “Reference document on best available techniques in the pulp and paper industry.” European Commission Joint Research Centre, Seville, Spain.
Liaw, C. T., Chang, H. L., Hsu, W. C., and Huang, C. R. (1998). “A novel method to reuse paper sludge and cogeneration ashes from paper mill.” J. Hazard. Mater., 58, 93–103.
Marcis, C., Minichelli, D., Bruckner, S., Bachiorrini, A., and Maschio, S. (2005). “Production of monolithic ceramics from incinerated municipal sewage sludge, paper mill sludge and steelworks slag.” Ind. Ceram., 25(2), 89–95.
Monte, M. C., Fuente, E., Blanco, A., and Negro, C. (2009). “Waste management from pulp and paper production in the European Union.” Waste Manage., 29, 293–308.
Naik, T. R. (1985). “Maturity functions for concrete cured during winter conditions.” ASTM, STP 852.
Naik, T. R., Friberg, T. S., and Chun, Y-C. (2004). “Use of pulp and paper mill residual solids in production of cellucrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 34(7), 1229–1234.
Naik, T. R., and Kraus, R. N. (2000). “James fillcoat materials: A potential source for valuable construction materials.” UWM center for by-products utilization, Rep. No. CBU-2000-28, Rep. 402.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2001). “Environmental outlook for the chemical industry.” Paris.
Popovics, S. (1998). Strength and related properties of concrete, Wiley, New York.
Popovics, S., and Ujhelyi, J. (2008). “Contribution to concrete strength versus water-cement ratio relationship.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 20(7), 459–463.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 23 • Issue 6 • June 2011
Pages: 772 - 776
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 19, 2010
Accepted: Oct 23, 2010
Published online: Oct 29, 2010
Published in print: Jun 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.