Hindcasting the Functional Loss and Restoration of the Napa Water System Following the 2014 Earthquake Using Discrete-Event Simulation
Publication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 26, Issue 4
Abstract
Models that simulate postearthquake functional loss and restoration of water distribution systems support the development and implementation of more informed resilience-enhancing strategies. This study uses pipe damage, repair data, and a discrete-event simulation (DES) model to hindcast the water system damage and functional loss and restoration, following the 2014 South Napa earthquake. The DES model represents the water system as a set of entities (e.g., pipes, tanks, pumps) that interact through a sequence of events (e.g., earthquake damage, inspection) of variable duration that may be triggered at different points in time depending on the entity attributes (e.g., pipe vulnerability), access to resources (e.g., inspection crews), and the completion of other events. In addition to pipe damage and time-dependent inspection and repair processes, the DES model incorporates a pressure-driven analysis (PDA) that captures the restoration of water availability following the event. The tuned DES model is then used to simulate the postearthquake disruption and restoration of the City of Napa’s water supply for a 6.7 event on the West Napa fault. By propagating the uncertainties in the damage to the network components (e.g., pipe) conditioned on the shaking intensity and the temporal (e.g., repair time) and resource-related (e.g., the number of inspection crews) variables, probabilistic descriptions of network component repair and water service restoration are generated.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code used during the study were provided by a third party (Napa Water Network—Provided by NWD.) Direct requests for these materials may be made to the provider as indicated in the Acknowledgements.
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Research Grant No. NRC-HQ-60-17-G-0028. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in the material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NRC. The authors would also like to acknowledge Charles Scawthorn (SPA Risk), Katherine Klise (Sandia National Laboratories), Joy Eldridge (Napa Water Division), and Douglas DeMaster (Napa Water Division) for their valuable input.
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Published In
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 26 • Issue 4 • December 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 12, 2018
Accepted: May 21, 2020
Published online: Jul 16, 2020
Published in print: Dec 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Dec 16, 2020
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