Evapotranspiration and Water Productivity of Microirrigated Wine Grape Vineyards Grown with Different Trellis Systems in the Central Valley of Chile
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 5
Abstract
Information on actual consumptive water use and water productivity of wine grape vineyards grown with high-wire cordon (HWC) and vertical shoot position (VSP) trellis systems is limited, but it is critical to inform the selection of resource-efficient grapevine training systems and irrigation water management practices. This article describes an applied-research study conducted in the Central Valley of Chile to determine the actual evapotranspiration (ETa), actual crop coefficients (Ka), water productivity (WP), and water footprint (WFP) of microirrigated wine grape vineyards operated for commercial production with HWC and VSP trellis systems. ETa and Ka were determined using the residual of the energy balance (REB) method from micrometeorological measurements collected at the study vineyards with a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance equipment. Field measurements of other biophysical parameters were also collected at each study site to characterize the soil water status in multiple locations across the vineyards at various soil depths using moisture tension–monitoring units, vine water status using midday stem water potential , and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) intercepted by the vine canopy at different times during the growing season. Finally, the fruit yield was determined from grape samples collected at the HWC and VSP vineyard blocks during commercial harvest operations. The study was conducted over the course of two consecutive growing seasons (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). A reduction of 37% in the available water supply occurred during the 2019–2020 season with respect to the average water supply. Findings from the research study showed that when the water supply was less limited, the HWC trellis had 12% higher seasonal cumulative ETa than the VSP trellis, whereas the HWC system appeared more affected by water stress than the VSP trellis during the water-limited season. The analysis of the data sets also showed that the HWC enabled wine grape growers to achieve significantly higher fruit yield and water productivity, and lower water footprint per unit of wine grapes produced during the water-limited season.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and codes generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the University of California, Davis, and the UC Davis–Chile Life Science Innovation Center for providing financial resources to conduct this study. We would also like to express our gratitude to the UC Davis–Chile Life Science Innovation Center for helping the research team with coordination and execution of field activities during the course of this study. Our deep gratitude also goes to the Viña San Pedro de Tarapacá wine production group for contributing resources and in-kind support that made this collaborative research effort significant and productive. The involvement of Dr. Octavio Lagos in this research study was partially funded by the Centro de Recursos Hidricos para la Agricultura y la Mineria CRHIAM (CONICYT-FONDAP-15130015).
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Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 5 • May 2023
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jan 20, 2022
Accepted: Aug 5, 2022
Published online: Feb 24, 2023
Published in print: May 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jul 24, 2023
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