Abstract
This paper presents a matrix algebraic expression based on the probability of pressure deficit. A set of expressions to calculate the average and the variance of the aggregated head losses in any pathway of the irrigation network is proposed, and the probability law of the aggregated head losses is deduced. A methodology to design and manage on-demand branched irrigation networks based on the probability of pressure deficit is developed. The proposed methodology corrects some weak points detected in previous methods related to the probability of pressure deficit concerning certain sections with large head losses. The methodology is tested in two networks (one simulated and one real network belonging to the Canal de Estremera Irrigation District). The resulting data show the capability of the methodology to model the simulations. The results also show that when designing the network with the proposed methodology, the total cost of the project decreases and management of the network becomes more efficient compared with certain traditional methods for irrigation network design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Babayan, A. V., Kapelan, Z., Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (2005). “Least cost design of robust water distribution networks under demand uncertainty.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 375–382.
Benjamin, J. R., and Cornell, C. A. (1970). Probability, statistics and decision for civil engineers, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Clément, R. (1966). Calcul des débits dans les réseaux d’irrigation fonctionnant à la demande, Vol. 5, Houille Blanche, Paris, 553–575 (in French).
COPAM [Computer software]. USCutter, Redmond, WA.
Farmani, R., Abadía, R., and Savic, D. (2007). “Optimum design and management of pressurized branched irrigation networks.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 528–537.
Fernández, I., Díaz, J. A. R., Camacho, E., and Montesinos, P. (2013). “Optimal operation of pressurized irrigation networks with several supply sources.” Water Resour. Manage., 27(8), 2855–2869.
GESTAR [Computer software]. Univ. of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Gupta, R., and Chauhan, H. (1986). “Stochastic modelling of irrigation requirements.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 65–76.
Juana, L., Sánchez, R., Rodríguez-Sinobas, L., and Laguna, F. (2009). “Probability of pressure deficit in on-demand branched networks and incorporation into design decisions.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 186–199.
Kanakis, P. C., Papamichali, D. M., and Georgiou, P. E. (2014). “Performance analysis of on-demand pressurized irrigation network designed with linear and fuzzy linear programming.” Irrig. Drain., 63(4), 451–462.
Kapelan, Z., Babayan, A. V., Savic, D. A., Walters, G. A., and Khu, S. T. (2004). “Two new approaches for the stochastic least cost design of water distribution systems.” Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 4(5–6), 355–363.
Khadra, R., Lamaddalena, N., and Inoubli, N. (2013). “Optimization of on-demand irrigation networks and on-farm constraints.” Procedia Environ. Sci., 19, 942–954.
Labye, Y., and Lechapt, G. (1961). “Methodes permettant de determiner les caracteristiques oprimales d’un reseau de distribution d’eau.” Bull. Techn. du Genie Rural, 50, 1–110 (in French).
Labye, Y., Olson, M. A., Galand, A., and Tsiortis, N. (1988). Design and optimization of irrigation distribution networks, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Lamaddalena, N., Pereira, L. S., and Kadi, M. (1998). “Modelling approach for design and performance analysis of on-demand pressurized irrigation systems.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Computer in Agriculture, American Society of Agricultural Engineering, St. Joseph, MI.
Moreno, M. A., Corcoles, J. I., Tarjuelo, J. M., and Ortega, J. F. (2010). “Energy efficiency of pressurized irrigation networks managed on-demand and under a rotation schedule.” Biosyst. Eng., 107(4), 349–363.
Moreno, M. A., Planells, P., Ortega, J. F., and Tarjuelo, J. M. (2007). “New methodology to evaluate flow rates in on-demand irrigation networks.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 298–306.
Planells, P., Martín-Benito, J. M. T., Álvarez, J. F. O., and Martínez, M. I. C. (2001). “Design of water distribution networks for on-demand irrigation.” Irrig. Sci., 20(4), 189–201.
Pulido-Calvo, I., Roldán, J., López-Luque, R., and Gutiérrez-Estrada, J. (2003). “Demand forecasting for irrigation water distribution systems.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 422–431.
Rodríguez, J. A., Camacho, E., and López, R. (2007). “Model to forecast maximum flows in on-demand irrigation distribution networks.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 222–231.
Salvador, R., Latorre, B., Paniagua, P., and Playán, E. (2011). “Farmers’ scheduling patterns in on-demand pressurized irrigation.” Agric. Water Manage., 102(1), 86–96.
Soler, J., Latorre, J., and Gamazo, P. (2016). “Alternative method to the Clément’s first formula for estimating the design flow rate in on-demand pressurized irrigation systems.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 04016024.
Walski, T. M. (1984). Analysis of water distribution systems, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 1 • January 2018
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 15, 2016
Accepted: Jun 29, 2017
Published online: Oct 25, 2017
Published in print: Jan 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Mar 25, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.