Labyrinth Weirs: Nappe Interference and Local Submergence
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 8
Abstract
The interaction of nappes from adjacent weir walls near an upstream apex can cause local submergence, which reduces labyrinth weir discharge efficiency. Local submergence effects can cause the head-discharge relationships for labyrinth weirs of equivalent lengths but different cycle numbers to differ. Empirical labyrinth weir discharge coefficients implicitly account for apex effects and local submergence; however, the uncertainty associated with applying hydraulic design data developed from specific weir geometries to comparable but different labyrinth weir geometries is not well understood. This study investigates the concept of labyrinth weir nappe interference and identifies labyrinth weir flow characteristics that decrease discharge efficiency, including local submergence. Parametric methods for quantifying nappe interference region size as a function of weir geometry (e.g., sidewall angle and crest shape) and flow conditions (e.g., headwater and nappe aeration) are presented. A comparison between empirical methods found in the literature for determining the size of the nappe interference region and laboratory-scale experimental data showed a limited correlation. The data presented in this study are recommended as a more accurate alternative to predict the extent of the nappe interference region.
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Acknowledgments
Funding for this study was provided by the State of Utah and the Utah Water Research Laboratory (Utah State University).
References
Crookston, B. M. (2010). “Labyrinth weirs.” Ph.D. thesis, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT.
Falvey, H. (2003). Hydraulic design of labyrinth weirs, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Indlekofer, H., and Rouvé, G. (1975). “Discharge over polygonal weirs.” J. Hydr. Div.JYCEAJ, 101(3), 385–401.
Paxson, G., Campbell, D., and Monroe, J. (2011). “Evolving design approaches and considerations for labyrinth spillways, Proc., USSD Conf., USSD, Denver.
Tullis, P., Amanian, N., and Waldron, D. (1995). “Design of labyrinth weir spillways.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 121(3), 247–255.
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© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 6, 2011
Accepted: Feb 10, 2012
Published online: Feb 13, 2012
Published in print: Aug 1, 2012
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