Theoretical Determination of Sequent Depths in Closed Conduits
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 12
Abstract
To predict hydraulic jump characteristics for channel design, jump height may be determined by calculating the subcritical sequent depth from momentum theory. In closed conduits, however, a hydraulic jump may fill the conduit entirely before the expected sequent depth is reached. This paper reviews momentum theory as applicable to closed-conduit hydraulic jumps and presents general solutions to the sequent depth problem for four commonly shaped conduits: rectangular, circular, elliptical, and pipe arch. It also provides a numerical solution for conduits of any shape, as defined by the user. The solutions assume (1) the conduits are prismatic, fairly horizontal, and relatively frictionless within the jump length; (2) the pressure is hydrostatic and the velocity is uniform at each end of the jump; (3) the effects of air entrainment and viscosity are negligible; and (4) atmospheric conditions exist at the entrance. The implications of these assumptions are discussed briefly. In practice, the derived solutions may be used to predict the size and location of potential hydraulic jumps within culvert barrels or storm water sewers to facilitate a cost-effective design for energy dissipation.
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Acknowledgments
This research was indirectly funded by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHAFHWA) in collaboration with Aquaveo, LLC for the purpose of exploring the possibility of implementing hydraulic jumps into a future version of HY-8, culvert-modeling software sponsored by the FHWA. Additionally, Roger Kilgore, the team at Aquaveo, and Sergio Montes are cordially acknowledged and thanked for their generous input and support.
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Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 137 • Issue 12 • December 2011
Pages: 801 - 810
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 10, 2009
Accepted: Jan 24, 2011
Published online: Jan 26, 2011
Published in print: Dec 1, 2011
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