Optimization of Watershed Control Strategies for Reservoir Eutrophication Management
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 12
Abstract
A vital key to the development of a reservoir eutrophication management strategy is to link the watershed-nutrient model to the model of reservoir water quality. To develop a cost-effective optimization model, a coupled watershed-reservoir model with an optimization model has been developed to design control strategies in the watershed in a planning time horizon. This methodology can help reduce the phosphorus concentration of a reservoir to the standard level. In this study, the weather data for the next 10 years was generated using downscaled GCM data to simulate the watershed phosphorus load using the SWAT model. Then an optimal model for selection and placement of best management practices (BMP) at watershed scale is developed by linking the coupled watershed and reservoir models with a genetic algorithm. This model is able to identify the minimum present cost design (type and location) of BMP structural alternatives. The objective of water quality is obtained using a system dynamic model for reservoir phosphorus concentration to determine a permissible phosphorus load as the main agent of eutrophication in a reservoir. Structural BMPs in this study include, filter strips, parallel terraces, grade stabilization structures, and detention ponds. The optimum solution was obtained through a trade-off curve between cost and exceedance magnitude from the standard of reservoir phosphorus concentration. The case study is the Aharchai River Watershed upstream of the Satarkhan Reservoir in the northwestern part of Iran.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE). (2003). “Design, layout, construction and maintenance of terrace systems.” ASAE standards S268.4 FEB03, St. Joseph, Mich.
Arabi, M., Frankenberger, J. R., Engel, B. A., and Arnold, J. G. (2008). “Representation of agricultural conservation practices with SWAT.” Hydrol. Process., 22, 3042–3055.
Arabi, M., Govindaraju, R., and Hantush, M. (2006). “Cost-effective allocation of watershed management practices using a genetic algorithm.” Water Resour. Res., 42, W10429.
Arnold, J. G., and Fohrer, N. (2005). “SWAT2000: Current capabilities and research opportunities in applied watershed modeling.” Hydrolog. Process., 19(3), 563–572.
Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., and Williams, J. R. (1998). “Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment. Part I: Model developent.” J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 34(1), 73–89.
Artita, K. S., Kaini, P., and Nicklow, J. W. (2008). “Generating alternative watershed-scale BMP designs with evolutionary algorithms.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, ASCE 2008, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Chiu, S. K., Kuo J. T., and Hsieh P. H., (2006). “A model of optimal best management practices placement.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resource Congress, ASCE 2006, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Di Luzio, M., Arnold, J. G., and Srinivasan, R. (2004a). “Integration of SSURGO maps and soil parameters within a geographic information system and nonpoint source pollution model system.” J. Soil Water Conservat., 59(4), 123–133.
Di Luzio, M., Srinivasan, R., and Arnold, J. G. (2004b). “A GIS-coupled hydrological model system for the watershed assessment of agricultural nonpoint and point sources of pollution.” Trans. GIS, 8(1), 113–136.
Gitau, M., Veith, T., and Gburek, W. (2004). “Farm-level optimization of BMP placement for cost–effective pollution reduction.” 47(6), 1923–1931.
Gitau, M., Veith, T., Gburek, W., and Jarrett, A. (2006). “Watershed level best management practice selection and placement in the town brook watershed.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 42(6), 1565–1581.
Holland, J. H. (1975). Adaptation in natural and artificial systems, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Hsieh, C. D., and Yang, W. F. (2006). “Study of total maximum daily load and non-point source pollution control strategies for reservoir watershed, practice periodical of hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste management.” Pract. Period. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste Manage., 10(3), 134–143.
Hsieh, C. -D., and Yang, W. F. (2007). “Optimal non-point source pollution control strategies for a reservoir watershed in Taiwan.” J. Environ. Manage., 85, 908–917.
Jamab Consulting Engineers. (2005). Integrated plan of adaptation to climate, existing and future condition of water resources in Aras river watershed, Iran, Tehran, Iran (in Persian).
Kaini, P., Artita, K., and Nicklow, J. W. (2008). “Designing BMPs at a watershed-scale using SWAT and a genetic algorithm.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, ASCE 2008, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Karamouz, M., Nazif, S., Imen, S., and Fallahi, M. (2008a). “Evaluation of uncertainties in downscaling precipitation due to climate change scenarios.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Karamouz, M., Szidarovszky, F., and Zahraie, B. (2003). Water resources systems analysis, Lewis, Boca Raton, Fla.
Karamouz, M., Taheriyoun, M., Emami, F., and Rohanizadeh, B. (2008b). “Assessment of nutrient load input to a reservoir, a case study.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, ASCE 2008, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Karamouz, M., Taheriyoun, M., Tavakoli, H., and Baghvand, A. (2008c). “Simulation of phosphorus of reservoir using system dynamic approach.” Proc., 2nd Conf. of Environmental Engineering, Tehran Univ., Tehran, Iran.
Mankin, K. R., Wang, S. H., Koelliker, J. K., Huggins, D. G., and deNoyelles, F., Jr. (2003). “Watershed-lake quality modeling: Verification and application.” J. Soil Water Conservat., 58, 188–197.
Maringanti, C., Chaubey, I., Arabi, M., and Engel, B. (2008). “A multi-objective optimization tool for the selection and placement of BMPs for pesticide control.” Hydrology Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 1821–1862.
Massah, A. (2006). “Risk assessment of climate change and its impact on water resources. Case study: Isfahan Zayanderood Basin.” Ph.D. thesis, Hydraulic Structures Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modarres Univ., Tehran, Iran.
Metcalf and Eddy. (2003). Wastewater Engineering, treatment disposal and reuse, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Moriasi, D. N., Arnold, J. G., Van Liew, M. W., Bingner, R. L., Harmel, R. D., and Veith, T. L. (2007). “Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations.” Trans. ASABE, 50(3), 885–900.
Muleta, M. K., and Nicklow, J. W. (2005). “Decision support for watershed planning and management.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 131(1), 35–44.
Nash, J. E., and Sutcliffe, J. V. (1970). “River flow forecasting through conceptual models.” J. Hydrol., 10, 282–290.
Neitsch, S. L., Arnold, J. G., Kiniry, J. R., Williams, J. R., and King, K. W. (2002). “Soil and water assessment tool theoretical documentation, version 2000.” TWRI Rep. No. TR-191, Texas Water Resources Institute, College Station, Tex.
Srivastava, P., P. D. Robillard, J. M. Hamlet, and R. L. Day (2002). “Watershed optimization of best management practices using ANNAGNPS and a genetic algorithm.” Water Resour. Res., 38(3), 1021.
U.S. EPA (1990). “The lake and reservoir restoration and guidance manual.” EPA/440/4-90/006, Washington, D.C.
U.S. EPA. (1999). “Storm water technology fact sheet wet detention ponds.” EPA 832-F-99-048, Washington, D.C.
Veith, T. L., Wolfe, M. L., and Heatwole, C. D. (2004). “Cost-effective BMP placement: Optimization versus targeting.” Trans. ASAE, 47(5), 1585–1594.
Wang, S., et al. (2005). “An integrated modeling approach to total watershed management: Water quality and watershed assessment of Cheney reservoir, Kansas, USA.” Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 164, 1–19.
Wilby, R. L., and Dawson, C. W. (2004). “Using SDSM version 3.1—A decision support tool for the assessment of regional climate change impacts.” Users’ manual, Environment Agency of England and Wales, Nottingham, U.K.
Wu, J., Yu, S., and Zou, R. (2006). “A water quality-based approach for watershed wide BMP strategies.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 42(5), 1193–1204.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 136 • Issue 12 • December 2010
Pages: 847 - 861
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 25, 2009
Accepted: Apr 19, 2010
Published online: May 8, 2010
Published in print: Dec 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.