Investigation of Dye Effluent Treatment Using Unmodified and Modified Biobased Sorbent and Its Process Economics
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 26, Issue 1
Abstract
This study will focus on the preparation of activated carbon (AC) from biowaste [walnut shells (WS)] and its further chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (AC-KOH) and orthophosphoric acid (AC-H3PO4) for the treatment of Congo red (CR). Maximum removal of 99.54% was observed with H3PO4 modified carbon (C) at 298 K, pH 7, and 0.2 g adsorbent dose, and an initial dye concentration (C0) of 10 mg/L. The Langmuir adsorption model fitted well with a maximum adsorptive capacity of 122 mg/g for AC-H3PO4; however, the kinetics followed the pseudo second-order model. In addition, the degradation of CR will be studied using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and several species from the degradation are analyzed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). In addition, after degradation, the adsorption characteristics resulted in 99% efficiency. The adsorbents performance based on economic aspects reported that the expenditure of INR 21.0, 41.5, and 53.5 were evaluated to synthesize 1 kg of AC, AC-KOH, and AC-H3PO4, respectively.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the funding by Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India for carrying out this work and are grateful to Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, India for providing the material characterization and other analysis facilities.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 26 • Issue 1 • January 2022
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Feb 17, 2021
Accepted: Aug 11, 2021
Published online: Nov 1, 2021
Published in print: Jan 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Apr 1, 2022
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