Abstract
This study assessed the groundwater vulnerability of the Rana groundwater basin, Odisha, India. The study attempts to optimize the DRASTIC method by modifying the weights and ratings assigned to the DRASTIC parameters using the analytical hierarchy process. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to quantify the influence of each parameter. The groundwater vulnerability results obtained from both DRASTIC and modified DRASTIC methods were validated using the water quality index (WQI) values computed through groundwater quality data at 25 sampling locations. The results revealed that the index values generated through modified DRASTIC possessed a higher correlation with the WQI compared with the original DRASTIC method. The groundwater level and net recharge were found to be having a greater influence on groundwater vulnerability. The obtained vulnerability maps from the modified DRASTIC method revealed that about 70% of the area was under very low to low vulnerable zones, whereas 14% of the area was under high to very high vulnerable zones. It was also observed that most of the high to very high vulnerable zones were located on the agriculturally dominated areas lying in the northern part of the basin. The result obtained will play an immense role in adopting management practices to conserve the groundwater quality of the study basin.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Editor-in-Chief, associate editor, two anonymous referees, and editorial coordinator for their valuable suggestions and comments. The authors acknowledge the Odisha Space Application Centre (ORSAC), Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India; India Meteorological Department (IMD), Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India; and Directorate of Groundwater Development, Bhubaneswar, Department of Water Resources, Government of Odisha, India, for providing required data sets to carry out the presented research.
References
Abdeslam, I., C. Fehdi, and L. Djabri. 2017. “Application of drastic method for determining the vulnerability of an alluvial aquifer: Morsott—El Aouinet north east of Algeria: Using arcgis environment.” Energy Procedia 119: 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.114.
Al-Abadi, A. M., A. M. Al-Shamma’a, and M. H. Aljabbari. 2017. “A GIS-based DRASTIC model for assessing intrinsic groundwater vulnerability in northeastern Missan governorate, southern Iraq.” Appl. Water Sci. 7 (1): 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0221-7.
Aller, L. 1985. DRASTIC: A standardized system for evaluating ground water pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. EPA/600/2-85/018. Washington, DC: Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency.
Anane, M., B. Abidi, F. Lachaal, A. Limam, and S. Jellali. 2013. “DRASTIC-SIG, DRASTIC Pesticide et Indice de Sensibilité (SI): étude comparative pour l’évaluation de la pollution potentielle de l’aquifère superficiel de Nabeul-Hammamet, Tunisie.” Hydrogeol. J. 21 (3): 715–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-013-0952-9.
Arora, B., B. P. Mohanty, and J. T. McGuire. 2011. “Inverse estimation of parameters for multidomain flow models in soil columns with different macropore densities.” Water Resour. Res. 47 (4): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009451.
Civita, M. V. 2010. “The combined approach when assessing and mapping groundwater vulnerability to contamination.” J. Water Resour. Prot. 2 (1): 14–28. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2010.21003.
Galal Uddin, M., M. Moniruzzaman, and M. Khan. 2017. “Evaluation of groundwater quality using CCME water quality index in the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant Area, Ishwardi, Pabna, Bangladesh.” Am. J. Environ. Prot. 5 (2): 33–43. https://doi.org/10.12691/env-5-2-2.
Garewal, S. K., A. D. Vasudeo, V. S. Landge, and A. D. Ghare. 2017. “A GIS-based modified DRASTIC (ANP) method for assessment of groundwater vulnerability: A case study of Nagpur city, India.” Water Qual. Res. J. 52 (2): 121–135. https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2017.046.
Gogu, R. C., and A. Dassargues. 2000. “Current trends and future challenges in groundwater vulnerability assessment using overlay and index methods.” Environ. Geol. 39 (6): 549–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050466.
Hasan, M., M. A. Islam, M. Aziz Hasan, M. J. Alam, and M. H. Peas. 2019. “Groundwater vulnerability assessment in Savar upazila of Dhaka district, Bangladesh—A GIS-based DRASTIC modeling.” Groundwater Sustainable Dev. 9: 100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100220.
Javadi, S., S. M. Hashemy, K. Mohammadi, K. W. F. Howard, and A. Neshat. 2017. “Classification of aquifer vulnerability using K-means cluster analysis.” J. Hydrol. 549: 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.03.060.
Jena, S., R. K. Panda, M. Ramadas, B. P. Mohanty, and S. K. Pattanaik. 2020. “Delineation of groundwater storage and recharge potential zones using RS-GIS-AHP: Application in arable land expansion.” Remote Sens. Appl.: Soc. Environ. 19: 100354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2020.100354.
Jha, R. K., B. Sahoo, and R. K. Panda. 2017. “Modeling the water and nitrogen transports in a soil–paddy–atmosphere system using HYDRUS-1D and lysimeter experiment.” Paddy Water Environ. 15 (4): 831–846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0596-9.
Karan, S. K., S. R. Samadder, and V. Singh. 2018. “Groundwater vulnerability assessment in degraded coal mining areas using the AHP–Modified DRASTIC model.” Land Degrad. Dev. 29 (8): 2351–2365. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2990.
Khan, M. M. A., R. Umar, and H. Lateh. 2010. “Assessment of aquifer vulnerability in parts of Indo Gangetic plain, India.” Int. J. Phys. Sci. 5 (11): 1711–1720.
Lodwick, W. A., W. Monson, and L. Svoboda. 1990. “Attribute error and sensitivity analysis of map operations in geographical informations systems: Suitability analysis.” Int. J. Geog. Inf. Syst. 4 (4): 413–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799008941556.
Maria, R. 2018. “Comparative studies of groundwater vulnerability assessment.” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 118: 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012018.
McLay, C. D. A., R. Dragten, G. Sparling, and N. Selvarajah. 2001. “Predicting groundwater nitrate concentrations in a region of mixed agricultural land use: A comparison of three approaches.” Environ. Pollut. 115 (2): 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00111-7.
Mogaji, K. A., H. S. Lim, and K. Abdullar. 2014. “Modeling groundwater vulnerability to pollution using optimized DRASTIC model.” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 20: 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/20/1/012002.
Moraru, C., and R. Hannigan. 2018. “Overview of groundwater vulnerability assessment methods.” In Analysis of Hydrogeochemical Vulnerability, 1–16. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70960-4_1.
Napolitano, P., and A. G. Fabbri. 1996. “Single parameter sensitivity analysis for aquifer vulnerability assessment using DRASTIC and SINTACS.” In Proc., of the 2nd HydroGIS Conf. IAHS Publication: Application of Geographic Information Systems in Hydrology and Water Resources Management (Proc., of the Vienna Conf., April 1996). IAHS Publ. No. 235, 559–566. Wallingford, UK: IAHS.
Neshat, A., B. Pradhan, and M. Dadras. 2014. “Groundwater vulnerability assessment using an improved DRASTIC method in GIS.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 86: 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.02.008.
Pacheco, F. A. L., and L. F. Sanches Fernandes. 2013. “The multivariate statistical structure of DRASTIC model.” J. Hydrol. 476: 442–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.11.020.
Rahman, A. 2008. “A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in shallow aquifer in Aligarh, India.” Appl. Geogr. 28 (1): 32–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2007.07.008.
Remesan, R., and R. K. Panda. 2008. “Groundwater vulnerability assessment, risk agricultural watershed: Evaluation in a small mapping, and nitrate using the DRASTIC model and GIS.” Environ. Qual. Manage. 17 (4): 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.
Saaty, T. L. 1977. “A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures.” J. Math. Psychol. 15 (3): 234–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5.
Sahoo, S., B. Sahoo, and S. N. Panda. 2018. “Hillslope-storage Boussinesq model for simulating subsurface water storage dynamics in scantily-gauged catchments.” Adv. Water Resour. 121: 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.08.016.
Saida, S., H. Tarik, A. Abdellah, H. Farid, and B. Hakim. 2017. “Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate based on the optimised DRASTIC models in the GIS environment (Case of Sidi Rached basin, Algeria).” Geosciences 7: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7020020.
Saidi, S., Bouri, S., and H. Ben Dhia. 2011. “Sensitivity analysis in groundwater vulnerability assessment based on GIS in the Mahdia-Ksour Essaf aquifer, Tunisia: A validation study.” Hydrol. Sci. J. 56 (2): 288–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.552886.
Samake, M., Z. Tang, W. Hlaing, I. N. Mbue, K. Kasereka, and W. O. Balogun. 2011. “Groundwater vulnerability assessment in shallow aquifer in Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, China using DRASTIC model.” J. Sustainable Dev. 4 (1): 53–71. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n1p53.
Sener, E., and A. Davraz. 2013. “Assessment of groundwater vulnerability based on a modified DRASTIC model, GIS and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method: The case of Egirdir Lake basin (Isparta, Turkey).” Hydrogeol. J. 21 (3): 701–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0947-y.
Shirazi, S. M., H. M. Imran, and S. Akib. 2012. “GIS-based DRASTIC method for groundwater vulnerability assessment: A review.” J. Risk Res. 15 (8): 991–1011. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2012.686053.
Sorichetta, A., M. Masetti, C. Ballabio, S. Sterlacchini, and G. P. Beretta. 2011. “Reliability of groundwater vulnerability maps obtained through statistical methods.” J. Environ. Manage. 92 (4): 1215–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.12.009.
Taheri, K., T. M. Missimer, M. Taheri, H. Moayedi, and F. Mohseni Pour. 2020. “Critical zone assessments of an alluvial aquifer system using the multi-influencing factor (MIF) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) models in Western Iran.” Nat. Resour. Res. 29 (2): 1163–1191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09516-2.
Tamma Rao, G., V. V. S. Gurunadha Rao, L. Surinaidu, J. Mahesh, and G. Padalu. 2013. “Application of numerical modeling for groundwater flow and contaminant transport analysis in the basaltic terrain, Bagalkot, India.” Arabian J. Geosci. 6 (6): 1819–1833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0461-x.
Venkatramanan, S., S. Y. Chung, T. Ramkumar, R. Rajesh, and G. Gnanachandrasamy. 2016. “Assessment of groundwater quality using GIS and CCME WQI techniques: A case study of Thiruthuraipoondi city in Cauvery deltaic region, Tamil Nadu, India.” Desalin. Water Treat. 57 (26): 12058–12073. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1048740.
Wu, X., B. Li, and C. Ma. 2018. “Assessment of groundwater vulnerability by applying the modified DRASTIC model in Beihai City, China.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25 (13): 12713–12727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1449-9.
Zghibi, A., A. Merzougui, I. Chenini, K. Ergaieg, L. Zouhri, and J. Tarhouni. 2016. “Groundwater vulnerability analysis of Tunisian coastal aquifer: An application of DRASTIC index method in GIS environment.” Groundwater Sustainable Dev. 2–3: 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2016.10.001.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25 • Issue 3 • July 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 25, 2020
Accepted: Feb 16, 2021
Published online: Mar 24, 2021
Published in print: Jul 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Aug 24, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Reema Sharma, Prashant Kumar, Subhasis Bhaumik, Praveen Thakur, Optimization of weights and ratings of DRASTIC model parameters by using multi-criteria decision analysis techniques, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10.1007/s12517-022-10034-4, 15, 10, (2022).