Studies in Electrokinetic Migration Rates of Dyes in Sand and Clay
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25, Issue 2
Abstract
Self-designed electrokinetic setups were constructed to examine the differences in electromigration and electroosmotic rates in both sand and clay. Two dyes were analyzed separately to measure these phenomena within these two media types. The dyes used were a red food coloring (primary compound Allura Red) and a green food coloring (referred to as a “blue dye,” as its migrating component was C-phycocyanin (C-PC) via Spirulina Blue extract). The power supply had a 30 V output with a measured 9.36 ± 0.04 mA current (0.054 mA/cm2) output. Electromigration was readily apparent for the red dye in both sand (9.12 ± 1.57 cm/d) and clay (0.93 ± 0.16) cm/d. It was also observed for the blue dye (C-PC) in sand (7.28 ± 0.57 cm/d) but not in clay. A confirmation experiment for the blue dye in sand was performed at an identical voltage but a slightly lower current output (0.040 mA/cm2), and the migration rate was found to be similar, at 6.60 ± 0.20 cm/d. For the blue dye in clay, the migration rate proceeded toward the cathode at 0.17 cm/d. Calculations indicate this phenomenon to be due to electroosmosis but may be due to a weak electromigration of the dye in protonated form.
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Acknowledgments
This work was funded through a consortium of multiple funding sources, and was not directly funded by any particular source, in partiality or entirety. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. I would like to thank the soil laboratory at NJIT for their assistance with numerous portions of the clay media setup.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25 • Issue 2 • April 2021
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 20, 2020
Accepted: Aug 20, 2020
Published online: Nov 23, 2020
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Apr 23, 2021
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