Biosorption Potential of Vetiveria zizanioides for the Removal of Chromium(VI) from Synthetic Wastewater
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 22, Issue 4
Abstract
In the field of wastewater management, it is a challenging issue to develop a cost-effective and environment-friendly adsorbent for the removal of toxic metals. In this study, Vetiveria zizanioides was used as an active bioadsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) using raw and chemically modified grasses and roots. Batch experiments were conducted using raw and modified bioadsorbents to observe the sorption behavior and to evaluate the performance parameters like pH of the solution, initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, and the system temperature. Results showed that acidic-modified bioadsorbents [i.e., Vetiveria zizanioides grass (AVG) and roots (AVR)] exhibited the highest removal efficiency of Cr(VI) from the synthetic wastewater. Characterization studies were performed to examine the changes in morphology and functional groups of the activated carbon through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) including proximate and elemental analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and . Kinetic parameters were determined to achieve equilibrium for the proposed biosorption process and mass transfer resistance was investigated for diffusion rate. Values of , i.e., 16.010 and suggested that a pseudo-second-order model was applicable. Adsorbate–adsorbent interaction was investigated by using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed to be 8.429 and using raw Vetiveria zizanioides grass (RVG) and roots (RVR), respectively. Results obtained from thermodynamic study clearly stated that process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Afkhami, A., and B. E. Conway. 2002. “Investigation of removal of Cr(VI), Mo(VI), oxy-ions from industrial wastewaters by adsorption and electrosorption at high-area carbon cloth.” J. Colloid Interface Sci. 251 (2): 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.8157.
Ahalya, N., T. V. Ramachandra, and R. D. Kanamadi. 2003. “Biosorption of heavy metals.” Res. J. Chem. Environ. 7 (4): 71–79.
Aksu, Z. 2005. “Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: A review.” Process Biochem. 40 (3–4): 997–1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.04.008.
Aksu, Z., and S. Tezer. 2005. “Biosorption of reactive dyes on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris.” Process Biochem. 40 (3–4): 1347–1361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.06.007.
Ali, R. M., H. A. Hamad, M. M. Hussein, and G. F. Malash. 2016. “Potential of using green adsorbent of heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions: Adsorption kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamic, mechanism and economic, analysis.” Ecol. Eng. 91 (2): 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.03.015.
Aliabadi, M., I. Khazaei, H. Fakhraee, and M. T. H. Mousavian. 2012. “Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solutions by using low cost biological wastes: Equilibrium and kinetic studies.” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 9 (2): 319–326.
Banerjee, R., P. Goswami, K. Pathak, and A. Mukherjee. 2016. “Vetiver grass: An environment clean-up tool for heavy metal contaminated iron ore mine-soil.” Ecol. Eng. 90 (1): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.027.
Dada, A., A. P. Olalekan, and A. M. Olatunya. 2012. “Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms studies of equilibrium sorption of onto phosphoric acid modified rice husk.” J. Appl. Chem. 3 (1): 38–45.
Davis, T. A., B. Volesky, and A. Mucci. 2003. “A review of the biochemistry of heavy metal biosorption by brown algae.” Water Res. 37 (18): 4311–4330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00293-8.
Dotto, G. L., E. C. Lima, and L. A. Pinto. 2012. “Biosorption of food dyes onto Spirulina platensis nano particles: Equilibrium isotherm and thermodynamic analysis.” Bioresour. Technol. 103 (1): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.038.
Dubinin, M. M. 1960. “The potential theory of adsorption of gases and vapors for adsorbents with energetically non-uniform surface.” Chem. Rev. 60 (2): 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60204a006.
Gupta, P., S. Roy, and A. B. Mahindrakar. 2012. “Treatment of water using water hyacinth, water lettuce and vetiver grass: A review.” Resour. Environ. 2 (5): 202–215. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20120205.04.
Hameed, B. H., A. M. Din, and A. L. Ahmad. 2007. “Adsorption of methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies.” J. Hazard. Mater. 141 (3): 819–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.049.
Henry, Z., D. Liu, Y. Zheng, S. Liang, and Z. Liu. 2009. “Sorption isotherm and kinetic modeling of aniline on Cr-bentonite.” J. Hazard. Mater. 167 (1–3): 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.12.093.
Ho, Y. S., and G. McKay. 1998. “Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat.” J. Chem. Eng. 70 (2): 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-0467(98)00076-1.
Kumar, M., A. Pal, J. Singh, S. Garg, M. Bala, A. Vyas, Y. Khasa, and U. Pachouri. 2013. “Removal of chromium from wastewater effluent by adsorption onto Vetiveria zizanioides and anabaena species.” Nat. Sci. 5 (3): 341–348. https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2013.53047.
Lagergren, S., and B. K. Svenska. 1898. “Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloester stoffe.” Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24 (2): 1–39.
Langmuir, I. 1918. “The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 40 (9): 1361–1403. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02242a004.
Li, Q., J. Zhai, W. Zhang, M. Wang, and J. Zhou. 2007. “Kinetic studies of adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by sawdust and modified peanut husk.” J. Hazard. Mater. 141 (1): 163–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.109.
Maheshwari, S., P. K. Joshi, R. Kumar, and N. Singh. 2008. “A study of heavy metals in sludge, sewage and industrial waste water of different districts of Haryana.” Curr. World Environ. 3 (1): 93–96. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.3.1.12.
Mohanty, K., M. Jha, B. C. Meikap, and M. N. Biswas. 2005. “Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride.” Chem. Eng. Sci. 60 (11): 3049–3059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.12.049.
Moreno-Pirajan, J., and V. S. Liliana Giraldo. 2011. “The removal and kinetic study of Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu ions from wastewater onto activated carbon from coconut shells.” Adsorption 17 (3): 505–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-010-9311-5.
Patel, R., and S. Suresh. 2008. “Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the biosorption of reactive black 5 dyes by Aspergillus foetidus.” Bioresour. Technol. 99 (1): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.003.
Reed, B. E., and M. R. Matsumoto. 1993. “Modeling cadmium adsorption by activated carbon using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm expressions.” Sep. Sci. Technol. 28 (13–14): 2179–2195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399308016742.
Roongtanakiat, N., S. Tangruangkiat, and R. Meesat. 2007. “Utilization of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater.” Sci. Asia 33(4): 397–403. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2007.33.397.
Selvaraj, K., S. Manonmani, and S. Pattabi. 2003. “Removal of hexavalent chromium using distillery sludge.” Bioresour. Technol. 89 (2): 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00062-2.
Shanker, A. K., C. Cervantes, H. Loza-Tavera, and S. Avudainayagam. 2005. “Chromium toxicity in plants.” Environ. Int. 31 (5): 739–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.02.003.
Singh, H., Chauha, G., Jain, A., and Sharma, S. 2017. “Adsorptive potential of agricultural wastes for removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.” J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 5(1): 122–135.
Singh, V., L. Thakur, and P. Mondal. 2015. “Removal of lead and chromium from synthetic wastewater using Vetiveria zizanioides.” Clean Soil Air Water 43 (4): 538–543. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300578.
Srinivasan, A., and T. Viraraghavan. 2010. “De-colorization of dye wastewaters by biosorbents: A review.” J. Environ. Manage. 91 (10): 1915–1929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.003.
Treybal, R. E. 1968. Mass transfer operations. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Truong, P. N., and D. Baker. 1998. Vetiver grass system for environmental protection. Bangkok, Thailand: Pacific Rim vetiver network, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board.
Truong, P. N., and B. Hart. 2001. Vetiver system for wastewater treatment. Bangkok, Thailand: Pacific RimVetiver Network, Office of the Royal Development Projects Board.
Verma, S. K., V. Khandegar, and A. K. Saroha. 2013. “Removal of chromium from electroplating industry effluent using electro coagulation.” J. Hazard. Toxic Radioactive Waste 17 (2): 146–152. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000170.
Xining, S., M. Jingjing, Z. Zengqiang, and Z. Zhiyong. 2015. “Biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous medium with the antibiotic residue.” Adv. J. Food Sci. Technol. 7 (2): 120–128. https://doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.7.1279.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 22 • Issue 4 • October 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 10, 2017
Accepted: Jan 8, 2018
Published online: May 24, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 24, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.