Herbicide-Impacted Sediment Remediation. I: Delineation and Treatability Study
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 20, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper is the first in a series on the Tyco Fire Products LP Sediment Removal Project (Marinette, Wisconsin) describing the dredging, stabilization and solidification (S/S) treatment, and nonhazardous disposal of arsenic-impacted sediments. Arsenic (As) impacts were associated primarily with the release of monomethyl arsonic acid (MMA) [] and dimethyl arsinic acid (DMA) [] derived from historic herbicide manufacturing and storage activities. Two main sediment horizons were affected: an upper soft sediment [soft dredged material (DM)] and an underlying semiconsolidated material (SCM) layer. One soft DM surrogate had a total As content of ; toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) As of , moisture contents (MCs) between 169 and 200%; and a loss on ignition of 15.4. Two types of SCMs were evaluated. One was a very sandy nonplastic sediment with a total As content of and TCLP As of . The other was TCLP As compliant but was more water sensitive, with a total As content of and MC of 81%. A treatability study was conducted to determine the S/S treatments, using no more than two reagents simultaneously, that would yield a product meeting all disposal criteria (TCLP As , pass paint filter test, and maintain a pH between 2 and 12) within 3 days, and be moreover workable. More than 200 mix designs were performed. The conventional approach to immobilizing inorganic arsenic with traditional pozzolans (lime, cement, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust) led to a doubling of the TCLP As values into the range. The inclusion of ferric iron was decisive, and combinations of ferric sulfate (wet and dry for As immobilization) with limited quantities of portland cement sufficient to achieve solidification were found to perform the best.
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Acknowledgments
CH2M HILL (Jeff Danko, Project Manager) completed this work for Tyco International, Inc., (Princeton, New Jersey) under the direction and management of Messrs. Joseph Janeczek, PE, and Larry Wilson, with regulatory oversight provided by U.S. EPA Region V and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). Sevenson Environmental Services (Niagara Falls, New York) was the general contractor responsible for all dredging and sediment treatment. All S/S mix design work (reported here) was completed by the CH2M HILL Applied Sciences Laboratory (Corvallis, Oregon). Dr. Jonathan Blount (formerly of CH2M HILL) is thanked for his assistance in developing Fig. 3 and supporting narrative. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Tyco, CH2M HILL, U.S. EPA, or WDNR.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 20 • Issue 2 • April 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 16, 2014
Accepted: Jul 14, 2015
Published online: Sep 25, 2015
Discussion open until: Feb 25, 2016
Published in print: Apr 1, 2016
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