Experimental and Numerical Simulation on Hexavalent Chromium Migration Characteristics by Permeable Fine-Grained Sand Barrier Filters
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 19, Issue 2
Abstract
The presence of toxic hexavalent chromium poses a great challenge in the wastewater pretreatment of agricultural irrigation. The feasibility of using fine-grained sands as suitable filling materials in the permeable barrier filter was studied for the effective containment of hexavalent chromium. Based on the governing equations representing seepage-field coupled concentration-field, a physical model composed of the fine-grained sands ranging from 0.075–0.5 mm was tentatively designed to remove hexavalent chromium in the permeable barrier filters. The column physical model experiments of 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.075-mm sands were separately performed under low velocity of , moderate velocity of , and high velocity of . The results were verified by numerical simulations under the corresponding experimental condition. According to the removal efficiency and hydraulic retention time of each sand model, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1-mm sands were chosen as ideal materials to fill the permeable fine-grained sand barrier. By comparing single sand and combinatorial sands barrier filter, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1-mm combinatorial sands extensively controlled flow velocity and slightly decreased hydraulic retention time in order to reach the same removal rate. To reach effluent hexavalent chromium concentration , single sand barrier filer should control velocity of and take 60 h; however, combinatorial sands barrier filter should control velocity of and take 48 h. Therefore, combinatorial sands have more potential for usage as filling materials in the permeable barrier filters to meet agricultural irrigation water quality standard.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Akea, C. L., et al. (2003). “Porous organoclay composite for the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pentachlorophenol from groundwater.” Chemosphere, 51(9), 835–844.
Apte, A. D., Verma, S., Tare, V., and Bose, P. (2005). “Oxidation of Cr (III) in tannery sludge to Cr (VI): Field observations and theoretical assessment.” J. Hazard. Mater., 121(1–3), 215–222.
Baker, M. J., Blowes, D. W., and Ptacek, C. J. (1998). “Laboratory development of permeable reactive mixtures for the removal of phosphorus from onsite wastewater disposal systems.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2308–2316.
Barceloux, D. G., and Barceloux, D. (1999). “Chromium.” Clin. Toxicol., 37(2), 173–194.
Benner, S. G., Blowes, D. W., and Ptacek, C. J. (1997). “A full-scale porous reactive wall for prevention of acid mine drainage.” Ground Water Monit. Rem., 17(4), 99–107.
Blowes, D. W., Ptacek, C. J., Cherry, J. A., Gillham, R. W., and Robertson, W. D. (1995). “Passive remediation of groundwater using in situ treatment curtains.” Geoenvironment 2000: Characterization, containment, remediation, and performance in environmental geotechnics, Geotechnical special publication No.46, D. E. Daniel and Y. B. Acar, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 1588–1605.
Bryant, D. E., Stewart, D. I., Kee, T. P., and Barton, C. S. (2003). “Development of a functionalized polymer-coated silica for the removal of uranium from groundwater.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(17), 4011–4016.
Chen, J., Anandarajah, A., and Inyang, H. (2000). “Pore fluid properties and compressibility of kaolinite.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 798–807.
EPA. (1990). “The drinking water criteria document on chromium.” EPA440/5-84-030. Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
GB20922-2007. (2007). “The farmland irrigation water quality.” National Standards of P. R.
GeoStudio [Computer software]. Version 7.10, Canadian GEO-SLOPE International.
Gui, L., Yang, Y., Jeen, S. W., Gillham, R. W., and Blowes, D. W. (2009). “Reduction of chromate by granular iron in the presence of dissolved .” Appl. Geochem., 24(1–4), 677–686.
Han, I., Schlautman, M. A., and Batchelor, B. (2000).“Removal of hexavalent chromium from groundwater by granular activated carbon.” Water Environ. Res., 72(1), 29–39.
Hedin, R. S., and Watlaf, G. R. (1994). “The effects of anoxic limestone drains on mine water chemistry.” Proc., Int. Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conf., Vol. 1, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, DC, 184–194.
Leghouchi, E., Laib, E., and Guerbet, M. (2009). “Evaluation of chromium contamination in water, sediment and vegetation caused by the tannery of Jijel (Algeria)–A case study.” Environ. Monit. Assess., 153(1–4), 111–117.
Naftz, D. L., Morrison, S. J., Davis, J. D., and Fuller, C. C. (2002). Handbook of groundwater remediation using permeable reactive barriers: Applications to radionuclides, trace metals, and nutrients, Academic, San Diego.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)/Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS). (1998). “Pilot study on evaluation of demonstrated and emerging technologies for the treatment of contaminated land and groundwater (Phase III), treatment walls and permeable reactive barriers.” EPA 542-R-98-003, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Thiruvenkatachari, R., Vigneswaran, S., and Naidu, R. (2008). “Permeable reactive barrier for groundwater remediation.” J. Ind. Eng. Chem. (Amsterdam), 14(2), 145–156.
Thombre, M. S., Thomson, B. S., and Barton, L. L. (1997). “Use of a permeable biological reaction barrier for groundwater remediation at a uranium mill tailings remedial action (UMTRA) site.” Proc., Int. Containment Technology Conf. and Exhibition, Institute for International Cooperative Environmental Research, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL.
Wilson, R., Mackay, D. M., and Scow, K. M. (2002). “In situ MTBE biodegradation supported by diffusive oxygen release.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(2), 190–199.
Woinarski, A. Z., Stevens, G. W., and Snape, I. (2006). “A natural zeolite permeable reactive barrier to treat heavy-metal contaminated waters in Antarctica: Kinetic and fixed-bed studies.” Process Safe. Environ. Prot., 84(2), 109–116.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 19 • Issue 2 • April 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 6, 2014
Accepted: May 8, 2014
Published online: Jun 17, 2014
Discussion open until: Nov 17, 2014
Published in print: Apr 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.