Effect of Wave Skewness and Sediment Particle Size on Sediment Transport Due to Combined Wave–Current Seabed Boundary Layer Streaming
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 9
Abstract
The effect of wave skewness and sediment particle size on near-bed sediment dynamics and transport owing to wave-induced streaming is examined in this study. Here, wave-dominated flow over a flat rough bed is studied, with wave propagation forming a nonzero angle with the current. It was observed that the increase in wave skewness increases the mean sediment transport, which is consistent with prior findings for the particular situation of horizontally uniform Stokes forcing. The mean sediment transport beneath combined second-order Stokes waves and current has been investigated for fine, medium, and coarse sand, respectively. Due to inertia, both the mean bed-load vector and the depth-integrated suspended flux vector are less rotated (relative to the wave propagation direction) for coarse sand than for fine sand. The mean bed-load transport is largest for coarse sand, whereas the mean suspended sediment transport is largest for fine sand.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was carried out mainly as a part of the strategical university program “Air-Sea Interaction and Transport Mechanisms in the Ocean,” funded by the Norwegian Research Council. Further work was supported by Early Carrier Research Award titled “Large Scale CFD Modelling of Hydrodynamics and Scour around Offshore Wind Farms,” funded by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, India. The Grant number is ECR/2018/000284. Both the supports are gratefully acknowledged.
References
Afzal, M. S., L. E. Holmedal, and D. Myrhaug. 2015. “Three-dimensional streaming in the seabed boundary layer beneath propagating waves with an angle of attack on the current.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 120 (6): 4370–4391. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC010793.
Afzal, M. S., L. E. Holmedal, and D. Myrhaug. 2021. “Sediment transport in combined wave-current seabed boundary layers due to streaming.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 147 (4): 04021007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001862.
Ali, S. Z., and S. Dey. 2016. “Theory of turbulent flow over a wavy boundary.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 142 (6): 04016006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001125.
An, H., L. Cheng, and M. Zhao. 2011. “Steady streaming around a circular cylinder near a plane boundary due to oscillatory flow.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 137 (1): 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000258.
Bose, S. K., and S. Dey. 2014. “Gravity waves on turbulent shear flow: Reynolds averaged approach.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 140 (3): 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000820.
Davies, A. G., and Z. Li. 1997. “Modelling sediment transport beneath regular symmetrical and asymmetrical waves above a plane bed.” Cont. Shelf Res. 17 (5): 555–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(96)00048-9.
Dean, R. G., and R. A. Dalrymple. 1991. Vol. 2 of Water wave mechanics for engineers and scientists. Advanced series on ocean engineering. Singapore: World Scientific.
Dohmen-Janssen, C. M., and D. M. Hanes. 2002. “Sheet flow dynamics under monochromatic nonbreaking waves.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 107 (C10): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC001045.
Dohmen-Janssen, C. M., W. N. Hassan, and J. S. Ribberink. 2001. “Mobile-bed effects in oscillatory sheet flow.” J. Geophys. Res. 106 (C11): 27103–27115. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC000513.
Fredsøe, J., O. H. Anderson, and S. Silberg. 1985. “Distribution of suspended sediment in large waves.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 111 (6): 1041–1059. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1985)111:6(1041).
Fuhrman, D., M. Dixen, and N. Jacobsen. 2010. “Physically-consistent wall boundary conditions for the k-turbulence model.” J. Hydraul. Res. 48 (6): 793–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2010.531100.
Fuhrman, D. R., J. Fredsøe, and B. M. Sumer. 2009. “Bed slope effects on turbulent wave boundary layers: 2. Comparison with skewness, asymmetry, and other effects.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 114 (C3): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005053.
Fuhrman, D. R., S. Schløer, and J. Sterner. 2013. “Rans-based simulation of turbulent wave boundary layer and sheet-flow sediment transport processes.” Coastal Eng. 73 (Mar): 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2012.11.001.
Holmedal, L. E., J. Johari, and D. Myrhaug. 2013. “The seabed boundary layer beneath waves opposing and following a current.” Cont. Shelf Res. 65 (Aug): 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.06.004.
Holmedal, L. E., and D. Myrhaug. 2009. “Wave-induced steady streaming, mass transport and net sediment transport in rough turbulent ocean bottom boundary layers.” Cont. Shelf Res. 29 (7): 911–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2009.01.012.
Holmedal, L. E., D. Myrhaug, and K. J. Eidsvik. 2004. “Sediment suspension under sheet flow conditions beneath random waves plus current.” Cont. Shelf Res. 24 (17): 2065–2091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.06.021.
Holmedal, L. E., D. Myrhaug, and H. Rue. 2003. “The sea bed boundary layer under random waves plus current.” Cont. Shelf Res. 23 (7): 717–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00020-7.
Hsu, T.-J., J. T. Jenkins, and P. L.-F. Liu. 2004. “On two-phase sediment transport: Sheet flow of massive particles.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 460 (2048): 2223–2250. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2003.1273.
Kranenburg, W. M., J. S. Ribberink, J. J. L. M. Schretlen, and R. E. Uittenbogaard. 2013. “Sand transport beneath waves: The role of progressive wave streaming and other free surface effects.” J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 118 (1): 122–139. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JF002427.
Kranenburg, W. M., J. S. Ribberink, R. E. Uittenbogaard, and S. J. M. H. Hulscher. 2012. “Net currents in the wave bottom boundary layer: On waveshape streaming and progressive wave streaming.” J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf. 117 (F3): F03005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002070.
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1953. “Mass transport in water waves.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 245 (903): 535–581. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1953.0006.
McAnally, W. H., C. Friedrichs, D. Hamilton, E. Hayter, P. Shrestha, H. Rodriguez, A. Sheremet, and A. Teeter. 2007. “Management of fluid mud in estuaries, bays, and lakes. I: Present state of understanding on character and behavior.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 133 (1): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:1(9).
Nielsen, P. 1992. Vol. 4 of Coastal bottom boundary layers and sediment transport. Singapore: World Scientific.
Rajaratnam, N., C. Katopodis, and A. Mainali. 1988. “Plunging and streaming flows in pool and weir fishways.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 114 (8): 939–944. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:8(939).
Ribberink, J., C. Dohmen-Janssen, D. Hanes, S. McLean, and C. Vincent. 2000. Vol. 253 of Near-bed sand transport mechanisms under waves: A large-scale flume experiment, 3263–3276. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Ribberink, J. S., and A. A. Al-Salem. 1995. “Sheet flow and suspension of sand in oscillatory boundary layers.” Coastal Eng. 25 (3): 205–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3839(95)00003-T.
Richardson, J. F., and W. N. Zaki. 1997. “Sedimentation and fluidization: Part I.” Supplement, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 75 (Dec): S82–S100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8762(97)80006-8.
Rodi, W. 1993. Turbulence models and their application in hydraulics. A state-of-the-art review. IAHR monograph series. 3rd ed. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Ruessink, B. G., H. Michallet, T. Abreu, F. Sancho, D. A. Van der A, J. J. Van der Werf, and P. A. Silva. 2011. “Observations of velocities, sand concentrations, and fluxes under velocity-asymmetric oscillatory flows.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 116 (C3): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006443.
Ruessink, B. G., T. J. J. van den Berg, and L. C. van Rijn. 2009. “Modeling sediment transport beneath skewed asymmetric waves above a plane bed.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 114 (C11): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005416.
Scandura, P. 2007. “Steady streaming in a turbulent oscillating boundary layer.” J. Fluid Mech. 571 (Jan): 265–280. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112006002965.
Schretlen, J., J. Ribberink, and T. O’Donoghue. 2011. “Boundary layer flow and sand transport under full scale surface waves.” Coastal Eng. Proc. 1 (32): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.sediment.4.
Sui, T., L. H. Staunstrup, S. Carstensen, and D. R. Fuhrman. 2021. “Span shoulder migration in three-dimensional current-induced scour beneath submerged pipelines.” Coastal Eng. 164 (Mar): 103776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2020.103776.
van der A, D. A., T. O‘Donoghue, A. G. Davies, and J. S. Ribberink. 2011. “Experimental study of the turbulent boundary layer in acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow.” J. Fluid Mech. 684 (Oct): 251–283. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.300.
van Rijn, L. C. 1993. Principles of sediment transport in rivers, estuaries and coastal seas. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Aqua Publications.
van Rijn, L. C., D.-J. R. Walstra, and M. van Ormondt. 2007. “Unified view of sediment transport by currents and waves. IV: Application of morphodynamic model.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 133 (7): 776–793. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:7(776).
Yalin, M. S., and E. Karahan. 1979. “Inception of sediment transport.” J. Hydraul. Div. 105 (11): 1433–1443. https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0005306.
Yu, X., T.-J. Hsu, and D. M. Hanes. 2010. “Sediment transport under wave groups: Relative importance between nonlinear waveshape and nonlinear boundary layer streaming.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 115 (C2): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JC005348.
Yuan, J., and O. S. Madsen. 2015. “Experimental and theoretical study of wave-current turbulent boundary layers.” J. Fluid Mech. 765 (Feb): 480–523. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.746.
Zyserman, J. A., and J. Fredsøe. 1994. “Data analysis of bed concentration of suspended sediment.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 120 (9): 1021–1042. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:9(1021).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 5, 2021
Accepted: May 12, 2022
Published online: Jul 13, 2022
Published in print: Sep 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Dec 13, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Debasish Dutta, Mohammad Saud Afzal, 3D Numerical Study of Scour around a Pile Group in the Staggered Arrangement under Combined Wave-Current Flows, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 10.1061/JIDEDH.IRENG-10128, 150, 2, (2024).