Evaluation of Sediment Diversion Design Attributes and Their Impact on the Capture Efficiency
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 5
Abstract
Many riverine systems have been disconnected from their receiving basins by flood-protection levees and other engineered systems. Reconnecting these alluvial rivers with their receiving basins is a viable option to nourish and sustain existing coastal wetland systems as well as to build new land. This sediment nourishment can be accomplished through direct dredging and placement or through sediment diversions. Efficient design of sediment diversions is important to maximize the land building potential. This study’s objective is to quantitatively identify key design attributes of sediment diversions, influencing their ability to capture sediment. The outfall channel alignment angle (), intake invert elevation, and diversion size are hypothesized as key parameters. The analysis is limited to sediment grain sizes larger than 63 μm and has been performed using a validated three-dimensional numerical model. A time integrated sediment-water ratio was used as an indicator to reflect efficiency of sediment capture. Analyses indicate has minor impact on total diverted sediment load and limited to the medium sand (M) fractions (250–500 μm) compared to the fine (125–250 μm) and very fine (63–125 μm) size classes. The sediment water ratio increases as intake invert elevation is deepened to a certain limit, then it plateaus around , implying that deeper invert beyond that limit may not be beneficial. The analysis also shows that the sediment water ratio sharply increases up to a water discharge extraction ratio of 0.1 as the size of the diversion is increased, and plateaus around 0.2.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Allison, M. A. (2011). “Interpretative report on water and sediment surveys of the Mississippi River channel conducted at Myrtle Grove and Magnolia in support of numerical modeling.” State of Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration, LA.
Allison, M. A., et al. (2012). “A water and sediment budget for the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River in flood years 2008–2010: Implications for sediment discharge to the oceans and coastal restoration in Louisiana.” J. Hydrol., 423(4), 84–97.
Allison, M. A., and Meselhe, E. A. (2010). “The use of large water and sediment diversions in the lower Mississippi River (Louisiana) for coastal restoration.” J. Hydrol., 387(3–4), 346–360.
Allison, M. A., and Nittrouer, J. A. (2004). “Assessing quantity and quality of sand available in the lower Mississippi River channel for Coastal Marsh and Barrier Island Restoration in Louisiana.”, Governor’s Applied Coastal Research and Development Program, Baton Rouge, LA, 55.
Allison, M. A., Vosburg, B. M., Ramirez, M. T., and Meselhe, E. A. (2013). “Mississippi River channel response to the Bonnet Carré Spillway opening in the 2011 flood and its implications for the design and operation of river diversions.” J. Hydrol., 477, 104–118.
Barkdoll, B. D., Ettema, R., and Odgaard, A. J. (1999). “Sediment control at lateral diversions: Limits and enhancements to vane use.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 862–870.
Belaud, G., and Paquier, A. (2001). “Sediment diversion through irrigation outlets.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 35–38.
Bindoff, N. L., et al. (2007). “Observations: Oceanic climate change and sea level.” Climate change 2007: The physical science basis, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 385–432.
Boesch, D. F., et al. (1994). “Scientific assessment of coastal wetland loss, restoration and management in Louisiana.” J. Coastal Res., 20, 1–103.
Brown, G. L., Letter, J. V. Jr., Heath, R. E., McAdory, R., Wehmeyer, L. L., and Gunkel, B. L. (2013). A simplified analytic investigation of the riverside effects of sediment diversions, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS.
Bulle, H. (1926). “Untersuchungen über die Geschiebeableitung bei der Spaltung von Wasserläufen (Investigation of bed–load deflection at river diversions).” Ver. deutscher Ing., Forschungsarbeiten Gebiete Ingenieurwesens, 283, 34.
Canestrelli, A., Nardin, W., Edmonds, D., Fagherazzi, S., and Slingerland, R. (2014). “Importance of frictional effects and jet instability on the morphodynamics of river mouth bars and levees.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119(1), 509–522.
Chatanantavet, P., and Lamb, M. P. (2014). “Sediment transport and topographic evolution of a coupled river and river plume system: An experimental and numerical study.” J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 119, 1263–1282.
CPRA (Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority). (2012). Louisiana’s comprehensive master plan for a sustainable coast, Baton Rouge, LA, 190.
Davis, M. (2010). “Numerical simulation of unsteady hydrodynamics in the lower Mississippi River.” Master’s thesis, Univ. of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA.
Day, J. W. Jr., Martin, J. F., Cardoch, L., and Templet, P. H. (1997). “System functioning as a basis for sustainable management of deltaic ecosystems.” Coastal Manage., 25(2), 115–153.
Day, J. W., Shaffer, G. P., Britsch, L. D., Reed, D. J., Hawes, S. R., and Cahoon, D. (2000). “Pattern and process of land loss in the Mississippi Delta: A spatial and temporal analysis of wetland habitat change.” Estuaries, 23(4), 425–438.
Deltares. (2011). “Delft3D–Flow, Simulation of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic flows and transport phenomena, including sediments—User manual, hydro-morphodynamics.” Delft, Netherlands, 185.
Edmonds, D. A., and Slingerland, R. L. (2007). “Mechanics of river mouth bar formation: Implications for the morphodynamics of delta distributary networks.” J. Geophys. Res., 112(F2), F02034.
Engelund, F., and Hansen, E. (1967). A monograph on sediment transport in alluvial streams, Teknisk Forlag, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Esposito, C. R., Georgiou, I. Y., and Kolker, A. S. (2013). “Hydrodynamic and geomorphic controls on mouth bar evolution.” Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(8), 1540–1545.
Falcini, F., et al. (2012). “Linking the historic 2011 Mississippi River flood to coastal wetland sedimentation.” Nat. Geosci., 5(11), 803–807.
FLOW-3D [Computer software]. Flow Science, Santa Fe, NM.
Gagliano, S., Meyer-Arendt, K., and Wicker, K. (1981). “Land loss in the Mississippi River delta plain.” Trans.–Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Sci., 31, 295–300.
Garcâia, M. H. (2008). Sedimentation engineering: Processes, management, modeling, and practice, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1132.
Gonzales, J. L., and Törnqvist, T. E. (2006). “Coastal Louisiana in crisis: Subsidence or sea level rise?” Eos, 87(45), 493–498.
Ibàñez, C., Canicio, A., Day, J. W., and Curcó, A. (1997). “Morphologic development, relative sea level rise and sustainable management of water and sediment in the Ebre Delta, Spain.” J. Coastal Conserv., 3(2), 191–202.
Kerssens, P. J. M., and van Urk, A. (1986). “Experimental studies on sedimentation due to water withdrawal.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 641–656.
Kesel, R. H. (1988). “The decline in the suspended load of the lower Mississippi River and its influence on adjacent wetlands.” Environ. Geol. Water Sci., 11(3), 271–281.
Khalil, S. M., and Finkl, C. W. (2011). “Spoil or resource? Managing sediment for coastal restoration.” Proc., Int. Coastal Symp. (ICS), Journal of Coastal Research, Poland, 1433–1437.
Khalil, S. M., Finkl, C. W., Roberts, H. H., and Raynie, R. C. (2010). “New approaches to sediment management on the inner continental shelf offshore coastal Louisiana.” J. Coastal Res., 64(4), 591–604.
Kim, W., Mohrig, D., Twilley, R., Paola, C., and Parker, G. (2009). “Is it feasible to build new land in the Mississippi River Delta?” Eos Trans., 90(42), 373–374.
Klaassen, G., and de Vries, M. (1977). “Sedimentological aspects of withdrawing water from rivers.” Symp. on Erosion and Solid Matter Transport in Inland Waters, UNESCO and IAHS, Paris.
Książek, L., and Meijer, D. G. (2011). “Changes of sediment distribution in a channel bifurcation-3D modeling.” Exp. Methods Hydraul. Res., 1(1), 175–187.
Lamb, M. P., Nittrouer, J. A., Mohrig, D., and Shaw, J. (2012). “Backwater and river plume controls on scour upstream of river mouths: Implications for fluvio-deltaic morphodynamics.” J. Geophys. Res., 117(F1), F01002.
Lesser, G. R., Roelvink, J. A., Van Kester, J. A. T. M., and Stelling, G. S. (2004). “Development and validation of a three-dimensional morphological model.” Coastal Eng. Coastal Morphdynamic Model., 51(8), 883–915.
Letter, J. V., Pinkard, C. F., Fred, C., and Raphelt, N. K. (2008). “River diversions and shoaling.” Coastal and hydraulics engineering technical note VII-9, Engineering Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS, 21.
Li, W., Wang, Z., de Vriend, H. J., and van Maren, D. S. (2014). “Long-term effects of water diversions on the longitudinal flow and bed profiles.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 04014021.
Meade, R. H., and Parker, R. S. (1985). “Sediment in rivers of the United States, in National Water Summary 1984, U.S. Government Printing Office, 49–60.
Meselhe, E., et al. (2005). “Multidimensional modeling of the lower Mississippi River.” Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, ASCE, Reston, VA, 52–71.
Meselhe, E. A., Georgiou, I., Allison, M. A., and McCorquodale, J. A. (2012). “Numerical modeling of hydrodynamics and sediment transport in lower Mississippi at a proposed delta building diversion.” J. Hydrol., 472(11), 340–354.
Meyer-Peter, E., and Muller, R. (1948). “Formulas for bed load transport.” Proc., 2nd Congress IAHR, Vol. 2, Stockholm, Sweden, 39–64.
Morton, R. A., and Barras, J. A. (2011). “Hurricane impacts on coastal wetlands: A half-century record of storm-generated features from southern Louisiana.” J. Coastal Res., 27(6A), 27–43.
Mossa, J. (1989). “Hysteresis and nonlinearity of discharge–sediment relationships in the Atchafalaya and lower Mississippi Rivers.” Sediment and the Environment (Proc., Baltimore Symp.).
Mossa, J. (1996). “Sediment dynamics in the lowermost Mississippi River.” Eng. Geol., 45(1), 457–479.
Nittrouer, J. A., Allison, M. A., and Campanella, R. (2008). “Bedform transport measurements in the lower Mississippi River.” J. Geophys. Res., 113(F3), F03004.
Odgaard, A. J., and Spoljaric, A. (1986). “Sediment control by submerged vanes.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1164–1180.
Overeem, I., and Syvitski, J. P. M. (2009). “Dynamics and vulnerability of delta systems.”, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany, 54.
Paris, E., Solari, L., and Bechi, G. (2012). “Applicability of the De Marchi hypothesis for side weir flow in the case of movable beds.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 653–656.
Prandtl, L. (1945). “Uber ein neues formelsystem fur die ausgebildete turbulenz (On a new formation for fully developed turbulence).”, Gottingen, Germany, 6–19.
Ramirez, M. T., and Allison, M. A. (2013). “Suspension of bed material over sand bars in the lower Mississippi River and its implications for Mississippi delta environmental restoration.” J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf, 118(2), 1085–1104.
Riad, K. (1961). Analytical and experimental study of bedload distribution at alluvial diversions, Uitgeverij Waltman, Delft, Netherlands.
Sharma, P. K. (1933). “Silt conduction by irrigation outlets.” Proc., Punjab Engineering Congress, Lahore, Pakistan, 229–262.
Tikhomirov, V. M. (1991). “Equations of turbulent motion of an incompressible fluid.” Math. Mech., 25, 328–330.
Tonnon, P. K., Van Rijn, L. C., and Walstra, D. J. R. (2007). “The morphodynamic modelling of tidal sand waves on the shoreface.” Coastal Eng., 54(4), 279–296.
Van Rijn, L., Nieuwjaar, M., van der Kaay, T., Nap, E., and van Kampen, A. (1993). “Transport of fine sands by currents and waves.” J. Waterway Port Coastal Ocean Eng., 123–143.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1984a). “Sediment transport. Part I: Bed load transport.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1431–1456.
Van Rijn, L. C. (1984b). “Sediment transport. Part II: Suspended load transport.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1613–1641.
Viparelli, E., Nittrouer, J. A., and Parker, G. (2015). “Modeling flow and sediment transport dynamics in the lowermost Mississippi River, Louisiana, USA, with an upstream alluvial-bedrock transition and a downstream bedrock-alluvial transition: Implications for land building using engineered diversions.” J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf., 120(3), 534–563.
Wang, Z. B., Fokkink, R. J., de Vries, M., and Langerak, A. (1995). “Stability of river bifurcations in 1D morphodynamic models.” J. Hydraul. Res., 33(6), 739–750.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 13, 2014
Accepted: Oct 6, 2015
Published online: Jan 19, 2016
Published in print: May 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Jun 19, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.