Water Hammer Simulation Using Explicit–Implicit Coupling Methods
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 4
Abstract
The method of characteristics (MOC) with the limitation of Courant’s stability condition is widely used in simulation of unsteady flow in a pipeline. However, the relatively complex method of implicit (MOI) provides the advantages of unconditional convergence and mutual independence between time and space mesh parameters. This study combines the MOC and MOI to simulate pipeline unsteady flow and hydropower transient processes. The boundary conditions for the coupled method are introduced and validated by simulating the water hammer in uniform and variable area duct, and the water-level fluctuation in a surge tank. Subsequently, the coupled methods are applied to study the transient processes in two hydropower stations: one is to determine the water-level fluctuation in the surge tank and investigate the effect of water inertia in the connecting pipe on the water hammer pressure, and the other is to determine the solution for the water hammer in a variable-area draft in a pump turbine system by comparing the results with actual measurements. The results show that the coupled method is effective in simulating water hammer in pipelines and transient processes of hydropower system.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51039005).
References
Afshar, M. H., and Rohani, M. (2008). “Water hammer simulation by implicit method of characteristic.” Int. J. Press. Vessels Pip., 85(12), 851–859.
Chaudhry, M. H. (1987). Applied hydraulic transients, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Chaudhry, M. H., and Hussaini, M. Y. (1985). “Second-order accurate explicit finite-difference schemes for water hammer analysis.” J. Fluids Eng., 107(4), 523–529.
Cheng, Y. G., Chen, J. Z., and Yang, J. D. (2003). “Influence of lateral pipe length of surge tank on surge wave and water hammer.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 33(5), 46–51 (in Chinese).
Ghidaoui, M. S., Zhao, M., McInnis, D. A., and Axworthy, D. H. (2005). “A review of water hammer theory and practice.” Appl. Mech. Rev., 58(1), 49–76.
Goldberg, D. E., and Wylie, E. B. (1983). “Characteristics method using time-line interpolations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 670–683.
Holly, F. M., and Preissmann, A. (1977). “Accurate calculation of transport in two dimensions.” J. Hydraul. Div., 103(11), 1259–1277.
Hwang, Y. (2013). “Development of a characteristic particle method for water hammer simulation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1175–1192.
Hwang, Y., and Chung, N. (2002). “A fast Godunov method for the water-hammer problem.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 40(6), 799–819.
Jin, M., Coran, S., and Cook, J. (2002). “New one-dimensional implicit numerical dynamic sewer and storm model.” 9th Int. Conf. on Urban Drainage, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Lai, C. (1989). “Comprehensive method of characteristics models for flow simulation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1074–1097.
Pezzinga, G. (1999). “Quasi-2D model for unsteady flow in pipe networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 676–685.
Rohani, M., and Afshar, M. H. (2010). “Simulation of transient flow caused by pump failure: Point-implicit method of characteristics.” Ann. Nucl. Energy, 37(12), 1742–1750.
Szymkiewicz, R., and Mitosek, M. (2005). “Analysis of unsteady pipe flow using the modified finite element method.” Commun. Numer. Methods Eng., 21(4), 183–199.
Wood, D. J. (2005). “Water hammer analysis-essential and easy (and efficient).” J. Environ. Eng., 131(8), 1123–1131.
Wood, D. J., Lingireddy, S., Boulos, P. F., Karney, B. W., and McPherson, D. L. (2005). “Numerical methods for modeling transient flow in distribution systems.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 97(7), 104–115.
Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1993). Fluid transient in systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Zhang, X. X., and Cheng, Y. G. (2012). “Simulation of hydraulic transients in hydropower systems using the 1-D–3-D coupling approach.” J. Hydrodyn., 24(4), 595–604.
Zhao, M., and Ghidaoui, M. S. (2004). “Godunov-type solutions for water hammer flows.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 341–348.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 141 • Issue 4 • April 2015
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 26, 2013
Accepted: Oct 23, 2014
Published online: Dec 1, 2014
Published in print: Apr 1, 2015
Discussion open until: May 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.