Profile-Induced Column Separation and Rejoining during Rapid Pipeline Filling
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 11
Abstract
Water column separation during rapid pipeline filling is numerically explored using a one-dimensional (1D) model that employs the method of characteristics to solve the governing equations and the well-known discrete gas cavity model (DGCM) to represent column separation. Extensive numerical experiments helped to identify the conditions under which column separation may occur during the rapid filling and to gain a physical sense of when the local rejoining pressures can be most severe. The major findings are that local -shaped pipeline profiles following knee points are prone to the occurrence of water column separation and that the magnitude of the resultant overpressures markedly depends on the geometrical and hydraulic characteristics of the profile. Significantly, the propagation and reflection of the first pressure spike following column rejoining at a knee point can cause the onset of column separation in other parts of the pipe system. It is also found that short pipes must usually be steep to give rise to column separation during rapid filling, whereas longer pipes require much milder slopes; however, potential overpressures are significantly higher in short, steep pipes. Overall, the paper seeks to provide a physical interpretation of the numerical results to provide design and operational insight into this potentially important phenomenon.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Adamkowski, A., and Lewandowski, M. (2012). “Investigation of hydraulic transients in a pipeline with column separation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 935–944.
Bergant, A., and Simpson, A. R. (1999). “Pipeline column separation flow regimes.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 835–848.
Bergant, A., Simpson, A. R., and Tijsseling, A. S. (2006). “Water hammer with column separation: A historical review.” J. Fluids Struct., 22(2), 135–171.
Capart, H., Sillen, X., and Zech, Y. (1997). “Numerical and experimental water transients in sewer pipes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 35(5), 659–672.
Cardle, J. A., and Song, C. S. S. (1988). “Mathematical modelling of unsteady flow in storm sewers.” Int. J. Eng. Fluid Mech., 1(4), 495–518.
Chaudhry, M. H. (1987). Applied hydraulic transients, VanNostrand Reinhold, New York.
Cunge, J. A., Holly, F. M., and Verwey, A. (1980). Practical aspects of computational river hydraulics, Pitman, London.
Fuamba, M. (2003). “Contribution on transient flow modelling in storm sewers.” J. Hydraul. Res., 40(6), 685–693.
Funk, J. E., VanVuuren, S. J., Wood, D. J., LeChevallier, M., and Friedman, M. (1999). “Pathogen intrusion into water distribution systems due to transients.” Proc., 3rd ASME/Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) Joint Fluids Engineering Conf., San Francisco.
Garcia Navarro, P., Priestley, A., and Alcrudo, F. (1994). “Implicit method for water flow modelling in channels and pipes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 32(5), 721–742.
Ghidaoui, M., and Karney, B. W. (1994). “Equivalent differential equations in fixed-grid characteristics method.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1159–1175.
Goldberg, D. E., and Wylie, E. B. (1983). “Characteristics method using time-line interpolations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 670–683.
Guo, Q., and Song, C. S. S. (1990). “Surging in urban storm drainage systems.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1523–1537.
Ji, Z. (1998). “General hydrodynamic model for sewer/channel network systems.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 307–315.
Kerger, F., Archambeau, P., Erpicum, S., Dewals, B. J., and Pirotton, M. (2011). “An exact Riemann solver and a Godunov scheme for simulating highly transient mixed flows.” J. Comput. Appl. Math., 235(8), 2030–2040.
Leon, A. S., Ghidaoui, M. S., Schmidt, A. R., and Garcia, M. H. (2010). “A robust two-equation model for transient mixed flows.” J. Hydraul. Res., 48(1), 44–56.
Liou, C. P., and Hunt, W. A. (1996). “Filling of pipelines with undulating elevations profiles.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 534–539.
List, E. J., Burnam, J., Solbrig, R., and Hogatt, J. (1999). “Vapor cavity formation and collapse: Field evidence for major pipeline damage.” Proc., Third ASME-Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) Joint Fluids Engineering Conf., Symp. S-290 Water Hammer, San Francisco.
Malekpour, A., and Karney, W. B. (2011). “Rapid filling analysis of pipelines with undulating profiles by the method of characteristic.” ISRN Appl. Math.
Martin, C. S. (1983). “Experimental investigation of column separation with rapid closure of downstream valve.” Proc., Fourth Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges, British Hydromechanics Research Association (BHRA), Cranfield, U.K., 77–88.
Simpson, A. R., and Bergant, A. (1994). “Numerical comparison of pipe column-separation models.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 361–377.
Simpson, A. R., and Wylie, E. B. (1991). “Large water-hammer pressures for column separation in pipelines.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1310–1316.
Song, C. S. S., Cardle, J. A., and Leung, K. S. (1983). “Transient mixed flow models for storm sewers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1487–1504.
Trajkovic, B., Ivetic, M., Calomino, F., and D’Ippolito, A. (1999). “Investigation of transition from free surface to pressurized flow in a circular pipe.” Water Sci. Technol., 39(9), 105–112.
Vasconcelos, J. G., Wright, S. J., and Roe, P. L. (2006). “Improved simulation of flow regime transition in sewers: Two-component pressure approach.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 553–562.
Watters, G. Z. (1984). Analysis and control of unsteady flow in pipeline, Butterworth, Boston, MA.
Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1993). Fluid transients in systems, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 15, 2012
Accepted: May 5, 2014
Published online: Jul 10, 2014
Published in print: Nov 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Dec 10, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.