Analysis of Transient Vaporous Cavitation in Pipes by a Distributed 2D Model
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 6
Abstract
The features of an axial-symmetric two-dimensional (2D) model in a transient cavitating pipe flow are investigated. A distributed vaporous cavitation model is proposed, based on the mass and momentum balance equations for a liquid-vapor mixture. A conservation form of the continuity equation allows a simple numerical solution. Both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D models are considered to quantify the effect of friction in the simulation of experimental data. The axial-symmetric 2D model allows the evaluation of the velocity profile and a more accurate estimate of the wall shear stress. The comparison between the results of numerical runs and experimental data of pressure head oscillations in transient cavitating pipe flows shows that the errors on maximum head oscillations of 2D model are generally greatly reduced with respect to those of the 1D model. As expected, the quasi-steady 1D model does not adequately represent the experimental data, with exception of the first maximum oscillations, whereas the 2D model allows for a better evaluation of the observed energy dissipation. In some cases, the 2D model does not estimate properly the experimental phase. This is probably due to the simplifying hypotheses, namely the neglecting of the convective terms, and it is influenced also by the release of dissolved gas, which can be important when the duration of presence of vapor increases. The 2D model also reproduces the observed experimental spikes better than the 1D model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers wish to thank Prof. Massimo Greco and Dr. Anton Bergant, who have kindly provided the experimental data in digital format.
References
Adamkowski, A., and Lewandowski, M. (2009). “A new method for numerical prediction of liquid column separation accompanying hydraulic transients in pipelines.” J. Fluids Eng., 131(7), 071302-1–071302-11.
Adamkowski, A., and Lewandowski, M. (2012). “Investigation of hydraulic transients in a pipeline with column separation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 935–944.
Bergant, A., and Simpson, A. R. (1999). “Pipeline column separation flow regimes.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 835–848.
Bergant, A., Simpson, A. R., and Tijsseling, A. S. (2006). “Water hammer with column separation: A historical review.” J. Fluids Struct., 22(2), 135–171.
Brunone, B., and Greco, M. (1990). “Un modello per la ricostruzione di fenomeni di colpo d’ariete anche in presenza di cavitazione—Riscontro sperimentale.” Atti, XXII Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Vol. 4, Editoriale Bios, Cosenza, Italy, 147–160 (in Italian).
Cannizzaro, D., and Pezzinga, G. (2003). “2D numerical model for transient vaporous cavitation.” Proc., XXX IAHR Congress, IAHR, Thessaloniki, 751–758.
Cannizzaro, D., and Pezzinga, G. (2005). “Energy dissipation in transient gaseous cavitation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 724–732.
Enel-Cris, M., ed. (2000). Hydraulic transients with water column separation, IAHR, Delft, Netherlands.
Greco, M., and Golia, U. M. (1982). “Colpo d’ariete in presenza di notevoli resistenze al moto—Indagine sperimentale.” Idrotecnica, 3, 123–137 (in Italian).
Guinot, V. (2001). “Numerical simulation of two-phase flow in pipes using Godunov method.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 50(5), 1169–1189.
Kranenburg, C. (1974). “Gas release during transient cavitation in pipes.” J. Hydr. Div., 100(10), 1383–1398.
Leon, A. S., Ghidaoui, M. S., Schmidt, A. R., and Garcia, M. H. (2008). “Efficient second-order accurate shock-capturing scheme for modeling one- and two-phase water hammer flows.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 970–983.
MacCormack, R. W. (1969). “The effects of viscosity in hypervelocity impact cratering.” AIAA Paper No. 69-354.
Mitosek, M. (2000). “Study of transient vapor cavitation in series pipe systems.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 904–911.
Pezzinga, G. (1999). “Quasi-2D model for unsteady flow in pipe networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 676–685.
Pezzinga, G. (2003). “Second viscosity in transient cavitating pipe flows.” J. Hydraul. Res., 41(6), 656–665.
Pezzinga, G., and Brunone, B. (2006). “Turbulence, friction and energy dissipation in transient pipe flow.” Vorticity and turbulence effects in fluid structures interactions, M. Brocchini and F. Trivellato, eds., WIT Press, Southampton, U.K., 213–236.
Sadafi, M., Riasi, A., and Nourbakhsh, S. A. (2012). “Cavitating flow during water hammer using a generalized interface vaporous cavitation model.” J. Fluid Struct., 34, 190–201.
Shu, J. J. (2003). “Modeling vaporous cavitation on fluid transients.” Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping, 80(3), 187–195.
Soares, A. K., Covas, D. I. C., and Carrico, N. J. C. (2012). “Transient vaporous cavitation in viscoelastic pipes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 50(2), 228–235.
Sumam, K. S., Tampi, S. G., and Sajikumar, N. (2009). “An alternate approach for modelling of transient vaporous cavitation.” Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 63(5), 564–583.
Urbanowicz, K., Zarzycki, Z., and Kudzma, S. (2012). “Universal weighting function in modeling transient cavitating pipe flow.” J. Theor. Appl. Mech., 50(4), 889–902.
Vardy, A. E., and Hwang, K. (1991). “A characteristics model of transient friction in pipes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 29(5), 669–684.
Wiggert, D. C., and Sundquist, M. J. (1979). “The effect of gaseous cavitation on fluid transients.” J. Fluids Eng., 101(1), 79–86.
Wylie, E. B. (1992). “Low void fraction two-component two-phase flow.” Unsteady flow and fluid transients, R. Bettess and J. Watts, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 3–9.
Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1993). Fluid transients in systems, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Zielke, W., Perko, H. D., and Keller, A. (1990). “Gas release in transient pipe flow.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges, BHRA, Cranfield, U.K., 3–13.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 6 • June 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 29, 2012
Accepted: Nov 4, 2013
Published online: Nov 6, 2013
Published in print: Jun 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 7, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.