Modeling Local Water Storages Delivering Customer Demands in WDN Models
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 1
Abstract
Water distribution network (WDN) models account for customer-demands as water withdrawals concentrated in nodes. Customer-demands can be assumed to be constant or varying with nodal head/pressure entailing demand-driven or pressure-driven simulation, respectively. In both cases, the direct connection of customer properties to the hydraulic system is implicitly assumed. Nonetheless, in many technical situations, the service pipe fills a local private storage (e.g., a roof tank or a basement tank) from which the water is actually delivered to customers by gravity or pumping systems. In such contexts, the service pipe fills the local tank by means of a top orifice. Consequently, what is really connected to the hydraulic system is a tank, which is subject to a filling/emptying process while supplying water to customers. Therefore, since modeling this technical situation in WDN analyses is necessary, the paper develops a formulation for nodal water withdrawals in WDN models accounting for the filling/emptying process of inline tanks between the hydraulic network and customers. The formulation is also introduced in a widely used method for steady-state WDN modeling, the global gradient algorithm, and its effectiveness to increase the hydraulic accuracy of results is discussed using a simple case study and a small network.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 1 • January 2014
Pages: 89 - 104
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 24, 2012
Accepted: Jul 29, 2013
Published online: Jul 31, 2013
Discussion open until: Dec 31, 2013
Published in print: Jan 1, 2014
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