Physical Modeling on Sand Erosion around Defective Sewer Pipes under the Influence of Groundwater
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 12
Abstract
This paper studies soil-erosion problem around cracked sewer pipes, which is usually associated with groundwater infiltration in sewer systems. Four factors (soil-particle size, defect size, water head, and soil height) that are associated with the erosion process were investigated experimentally. Two experimental setups were used: a cylindrical bin with a circular outlet at the bottom center to simulate the erosion process and a rectangular box with the outlet on the side wall to show the internal erosion process. The quantitative influences of the four factors on the erosion-void shape, volume, and length were analyzed. It is found that the geometry of the erosion void is determined by water head and soil height. Relationships were developed for calculating the water-discharge rate, sand-discharge rate, and erosion-void diameter.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The first author would like to acknowledge the financial support from the China Scholarship Council. The first author also acknowledges the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada for their support during his stay at the University of Alberta. Financial support was also received from important National Science and Technology Specific Projects (2011ZX07301-004), the National High-Tech R&D Program (863) of China (2012AA062608) and the Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation (2010R50037).
References
Balkaya, M., Moore, I. D., and Saglamer, A. (2012). “Study of non-uniform bedding due to voids under jointed PVC water distribution pipes.” Geotext. Geomembr., 34(1), 39–50.
Barletta, D., Donsi, G., Ferrari, G., and Poletto, M. (2003). “On the role and the origin of the gas pressure gradient in the discharge of fine solids from hoppers.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 58(8), 5269–5278.
Beverloo, W. A., Leniger, H. A., and Van de Velde, J. (1961). “The flow of granular solids through orifices.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 15(3–4), 260–269.
Brandt, S. A. (2000). “A review of reservoir desiltation.” Int. J. Sediment Res., 15(3), 321–342.
Brown, R. L. (1961). “Minimum energy theorem for flow of dry granules through apertures.” Nature, 191(7), 459–461.
Brown, R. L., and Richards, J. C. (1970). Principles of powder mechanics, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.
Corless, R., Gonnet, G., Hare, D., Jeffrey, D., and Knuth, D. (1996). “On the Lambert W function.” Adv. Comput. Math., 5(1), 329–359.
Courrech du Pont, S., Gondret, P., Perrin, B., and Rabaud, M. (2003a). “Wall effects on granular heap stability.” Europhys. Lett., 61(4), 492–498.
Courrech du Pont, S., Gondret, P., Perrin, B., and Rabaud, M. (2003b). “Granular avalanches in fluid.” Phys. Rev. Lett., 90(4), 044301.
Davies, J. P., Clarke, B. A., Whiter, J. T., and Cunningham, R. J. (2001). “Factors influencing the structural deterioration and collapse of rigid sewer pipes.” Urban Water, 3(1–2), 73–89.
Fan, J., and Morris, G. L. (1992). “Reservoir sedimentation 2: Reservoir desiltation and long-term storage capacity.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 118(3), 370–384.
Fathi-Moghadam, M., Emamgholizadeh, S., Bina, M., and Ghomeshi, M. (2010). “Physical modelling of pressure flushing for desilting of non-cohesive sediment.” J. Hydraul. Res., 48(4), 509–514.
Fenner, R. A. (1991). “The influence of sewer bedding arrangements on infiltration rates and soil migration.” Munic. Eng., 8(6), 105–117.
Gondret, P., Lance, M., and Petit, L. (2002). “Bouncing motion of spherical particles in fluids.” Phys. Fluids, 14(2), 643–652.
Guo, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., and Zhu, D. Z. (2012). “An approximate solution for two dimensional groundwater infiltration in sewer systems.” Water Sci. Technol., 67(2), 347–352.
Harmens, A. (1963). “Flow of granular material through horizontal apertures.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 18(5), 297–306.
Hilton, J. E., and Cleary, P. W. (2011). “Granular flow during hopper discharge.” Phys. Rev. E, 84(1), 011307.
Jan, C. D., and Nguyen, Q. T. (2010). “Discharge coefficient for a water flow through a bottom orifice of a conical hopper.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 136(8), 567–572.
Lai, J. S., and Shen, H. W. (1996). “Flushing sediment through reserviours.” J. Hydraul. Res., 34(2), 237–255.
Lamptey, B. O. M., and Thorpe, R. B. (1991). “The discharge of solid-liquid mixtures from hoppers.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 46(9), 2197–2212.
Meguid, M. A., and Dang, H. K. (2009). “The effect of erosion voids on existing tunnel linings.” Tunneling Underground Space Technol., 24(3), 278–286.
Nedderman, R. M., Tuzun, U., Savage, S. B., and Houlsby, G. T. (1982). “The flow of granular materials I: Discharge rates from hoppers.” Chem. Eng. Sci., 37(11), 1597–1609.
Powell, D. N., and Khan, A. A. (2011). “Sediment transport mechanics upstream of an orifice.” J. Visualization, 14(14), 315–320.
Powell, D. N., and Khan, A. A. (2012). “Scour upstream of a circular orifice under constant head.” J. Hydraul. Res., 50(1), 28–34.
Rao, K. K., and Nott, P. R. (2008). An introduction to granular flow, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Reilly, M. (2010). “Do not call the Guatemala sinkhole a sinkhole.” National Geographic, 〈http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/06/100603-science-guatemala-sinkhole-2010-humans-caused/〉 (Dec. 11, 2011).
Resnick, W., Heled, Y., Klein, A., and Palm, E. (1966). “Effect of differential pressure on flow of granular solids through orifices.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 5(3), 392–396.
Ring, R. J., Buchanan, R. H., and Doig, I. D. (1973). “The discharge of granular material from hoppers submerged in water.” Powder Technol., 8(3–4), 117–125.
Rogers, C. J. (1986). Sewer deterioration studies: The background to the structural assessment procedure in the sewerage rehabilitation mannual, 2th Ed., Water Research Centre, London.
Scheuerlein, H., Tritthart, M., and Nunez-Gonzalez, F. (2004). “Numerical and physical modeling concerning the removal of sediment deposits from reservoirs.” Proc., Conf. Hydraulic of Dams and River Structures, Taylor & Francis Group, London, 245–254.
Serpente, P. E. (1994). “Understanding the modes of failture for sewer.” Urban drainage rehabilitation programs and techique selected papers on urban drainage rehabilitation from 1988–1993, W. A. Macaitis, ed., ASCE, New York.
Shen, H. W., and Lai, J. S. (1996). “Sustain reservior useful life by flushing sediment.” Int. J. Sediment Res., 11(3), 10–17.
Thorpe, R. B., Nedderman, R. M., and Thompson, A. I. (1983). “Interstitial pressure effects on the discharge from silos.” 2nd Int. Conf. on Design of Silos for Strength and Flow, Powder Advisory Centre, UK.
Weil, G. J. (1995). “Remote infrared thermal sensing of sewer voids.” Proc. SPIE, 2425, 229–237.
Zeininger, G., and Brennen, C. E. (1985). “Interstitial fluid effects in hopper flows of granular materials.” Cavitation and Multiphase Flow Forum (ASCE/ASME Mechanics Conf.), American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York.
Zheng, T. (2007). “Nonlinear finite element study of deteriorated rigid sewers including the influence of erosion voids.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Queen’s Univ., Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 12 • December 2013
Pages: 1247 - 1257
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 31, 2013
Accepted: Jun 3, 2013
Published online: Jun 5, 2013
Discussion open until: Nov 5, 2013
Published in print: Dec 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.