Hydraulic Analysis of Suspended Sediment Removal from Storm Water in a Standard Sump
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 6
Abstract
Standard sumps (manholes) are common features of urban storm water collection systems, and there are anecdotes suggesting that standard sumps can improve storm water quality. However, no data on the effectiveness of sumps as treatment devices for suspended sediment removal and the associated required maintenance schedule of the sumps could be found. Such data could justify giving pollution prevention credit for the use of standard sumps to transportation departments of cities, counties, and state agencies. To assess the effectiveness of standard sumps as storm water treatment devices, a laboratory study was conducted. Three goals were achieved in this study: (1) sediment capture and sediment washout were measured in four configurations of a straight flow through standard sump; (2) performance functions for the efficiency of suspended sediment removal in a standard sump were developed; and (3) performance functions for sediment washout from a standard sump were developed. To determine whether they remove suspended sediment from storm water runoff, two standard sumps of different sizes were tested in a laboratory setting. Removal efficiency under low flow conditions and washout rates under high flow conditions were measured. The sumps did remove suspended sediment at low flows, but at high flows the washout rate was substantial. The data collected were used to develop two performance functions: one for suspended sediment removal (deposition) in a sump at low flow, and one for sediment washout from the sump at high flow. Four sump configurations were tested under a wide range of flow characteristics. The principal independent variables such as sump dimensions, sediment settling velocities, and hydraulic parameters were grouped into dimensionless numbers that were related to performance of all designs tested. These performance functions can be used to select appropriate designs and analyze the performance of existing standard sumps. Overall, the data collected show that standard sumps can be used as pretreatment devices for storm water if properly selected and maintained.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the following individuals and organizations: the Minnesota Department of Transportation for providing the funding for this project; Mike Plante, Andrew Fyten, Matthew Lueker, and Benjamin Erickson from St. Anthony Falls Laboratory for providing significant input and expertise for the design and construction of the experimental setup; and Benjamin Plante, Patrick Brokamp, Teigan Gulliver, Kurt McIntire, and Andrew Sander at SAFL for helping construct the experimental setup and assisting with laboratory analyses.
The authors would also like to thank Barbara Loida (Technical Liaison with Mn/DOT), Shirlee Sherkow (Administrative Liaison with Mn/DOT), Jack Frost (Metropolitan Council), Scott Anderson (City of Bloomington), Brett Troyer (Mn/DOT), Beth Neuendorf (Mn/DOT), and Lisa Sayer (Mn/DOT) for their feedback and guidance throughout the project.
References
Akiyama, J., and Stefan, H. (1985). “Gradually varied turbidity current with erosion and deposition.” J. Hydraul. Eng.JHEND8, 111(12), 1473–1496.
American Society of Civil Engineers. (1975). “Sedimentation engineering.” Manuals and reports on engineering practice No. 54, Washington, DC.
Avila, H., and Pitt, R. (2008). “Evaluating scour potential in stormwater catchbasin sumps using a full-scale physical model and CFD modeling.” Proc., of the Water Environment Federation, Water Environment Federation, Washington, DC, 6958–6977.
Butler, D., and Karunaratne, S. H. P. G. (1995). “The suspended solids trap efficiency of the roadside gully pot.” Water Res.WATRAG, 29(2), 719–729.
Carlson, L., Mohseni, O., Stefan, H. G., and Lueker, M. (2006). “Performance evaluation of the baysaver stormwater separation system.” Project Rep. No. 472, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Cheng, N. (1997). “A simplified settling velocity formula for sediment particle.” J. Hydraul. Eng.JHEND8, 123(2), 149–152.
Dhamotharan, D., Gulliver, J. S., and Stefan, H. G. (1981). “Unsteady one-dimensional settling of suspended sediment.” Water Resour. Res.WRERAQ, 17(4), 1125–1132.
Erickson, A. J., Gulliver, J. S., Kang, J. H., Weiss, P. T., and Wilson, B. C. (2010). “Maintenance of stormwater treatment practices.” J. Contemp. Water Res. Educ., 146(1), 75–82.
Faram, M. G., and Harwood, R. (2003). “A method for the numerical assessment of sediment interceptors.” Water Sci. Technol.WSTED4, 47(4), 167–174.
Gettel, M., et al. (2011). “Improving suspended sediment measurements by automatic samplers.” J. Environ. Monit.JEMOFW, 13(10), 2703–2709.
Kang, J. H., Weiss, P. T., Wilson, B. C., and Gulliver, J. S. (2008). “Maintenance of stormwater BMPs: Frequency, effort and cost.” Stormwater, 9(8), 18–28.
Kim, J., and Sansalone, J. J. (2008). “Event-based size distributions of particulate matter transported during urban rainfall-runoff events.” Water Res.WATRAG, 42(10–11), 2756–2768.
Kim, J., Pathapati, S., Liu, B., and Sansalone, J. (2007). “Treatment and maintenance of stormwater hydrodynamic separators: A case study.” 9th Biennial Conf. on Stormwater Research and Watershed Management, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.
Li, Y., Lau, S., Kayhanian, M., and Stenstrom, M. K. (2005). “Particle size distribution in highway runoff.” J. Environ. Eng.JOEEDU, 131(9), 1267–1276.
Maestre, A., and Pitt, R. (2005). The national stormwater quality database, version 1.1: A compilation and analysis of NPDES stormwater monitoring information, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water, Washington DC.
Mohseni, O., and Fyten, A. (2008). “Performance assessment of modified ecostorm hydrodynamic separator.” Project Rep. No. 495B, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Mohseni, O., Brie, M., and Kieffer, J. M. “Sizing hydrodynamic separators and manholes.” StormCon 2011 Conf. Papers, Forester Media, Anaheim, CA.
Pitt, R. (1985). “Characterizing and controlling urban runoff through street and sewerage cleaning.” USEPA Water Engineering Research Laboratory Rep., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Saddoris, D. A., McIntire, K. D., Mohseni, O., and Gulliver, J. S. (2010). “Hydrodynamic sediment retention testing.” Final Rep. No. 2010-10, Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, MN.
Schetz, J. A. (1993). Boundary layer analysis, Prentice Hall, Englewood, NJ.
Silberman, E. (1947). “The pitot cylinder.” Circular No. 2, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Smith, E. (2001). “Pollutant concentrations of stormwater and captured sediment in flood control sumps draining an urban watershed.” Water Res.WATRAG, 35(13), 3117–3126.
Wilson, M. A., Gulliver, J. S., Mohseni, O., and Hozalski, R. M. (2007). “Performance assessment of underground stormwater devices.” Project Rep. No. 494, St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Wilson, M., Mohseni, O., Gulliver, J., Hozalski, R., and Stefan, H. (2009). “Assessment of hydrodynamic separators for stormwater treatment.” J. Hydraul. Eng.JHEND8, 135(5), 383–392.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 138 • Issue 6 • June 2012
Pages: 491 - 502
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 22, 2011
Accepted: Dec 6, 2011
Published online: Dec 8, 2011
Published in print: Jun 1, 2012
Published ahead of production: Jun 15, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.