Hydrodynamic Pressures on Arch Dam during Earthquakes
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 1
Abstract
A complete three-dimensional finite difference scheme has been developed and used to analyze the nonlinear hydrodynamic pressures on arch dam during earthquakes. Both free-surface waves and nonlinear convective acceleration are included in the analysis. Various dam shapes and reservoir banks were studied and the characteristic of nonlinear contribution due to curved geometry and free-surface waves are discussed. Numerical experiments have been made to determine the desirable mesh size arrangements and time increments. The effects of surface wave and convective acceleration on hydrodynamic pressure could augment the hydrodynamic pressure to 10% larger than that of a linear analysis. For an earthquake with large ground displacement, a large rise of the water surface could probably happen and be a severe threat to human safety in recreational areas and even cause overflow to affect the safe operation of the arch dam. An empirical formula is given to predict approximate hydrodynamic force.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank the editor and associate editor for encouragement to revise the paper and two anonymous reviewers who made very constructive and helpful comments. We would also like to thank Dr. Boore who gave us valued comments on preparing ground motions of the 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake. This research was supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under Grant Nos. UNSPECIFIEDNSC-83-0209-E-110-006 and UNSPECIFIEDNSC-97-2221-E110-087.
References
Akköse, M., Dumanoğlu, A. A., and Tuna, M. E. (2004). “Investigation of hydrodynamic effects on linear and nonlinear earthquake responses of arch dams by the Lagrangian approach.” Turk. J. Eng. Environ. Sci., 28(1), 25–40.
Boore, D. M. (2001). “Effect of baseline corrections on displacements and response spectra for several recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake.” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 91(5), 1199–1211.
Camara, R. J. (2000). “A method for coupled arch dam-foundation-reservoir seismic behaviour analysis.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(4), 441–460.
Chen, B. F. (1996). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic effects on concrete dam.” Eng. Struct., 18(3), 201–212.
Chen, B. F., and Nokes, R. (2005). “Time-independent finite difference analysis of fully non-linear and viscous fluid sloshing in a rectangular tank” J. Comput. Phys., 209, 47–81.
Chen, B. F., Yuan, Y. S., and Lee, J. F. (1999). “Three dimensional nonlinear hydrodynamic pressures by earthquakes on dam faces with arbitrary reservoir shapes.” J. Hydraul. Res., 37(2), 163–187.
Chwang, A. T. (1983). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure on an accelerating plate.” Phys. Fluids, 26(2), 383–387.
Chwang, A. T., and Housner, G. W. (1978). “Hydrodynamic pressures on sloping dams during earthquakes. Part 1: Momentum method.” J. Fluid Mech., 87, 335–341.
Craig, S. P., and Chopra, A. K. (1982). “Hydrodynamic effects in dynamic response of simple arch dams.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 10, 417–431.
Hung, T. K., and Chen, B. F. (1990). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure on dams.” J. Eng. Mech., 116(6), 1372–1391.
Hung, T. K., and Wang, M. H. (1987). “Nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure on rigid dam motion.” J. Eng. Mech., 113(4), 482–499.
Kim, Y. (2001). “Numerical simulation of sloshing flows with impact loads.” Appl. Ocean. Res., 23, 53–62.
Lee, S. J., Chen, H. W., and Ma, K. F. (2007). “Strong ground motion simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake from a realistic three-dimensional source and crystal structure.” J. Geophys. Res., 112, B06307.
Liu, P. L.-F. (1986). “Hydrodynamic pressure on rigid dams during earthquakes.” J. Fluid Mech., 165, 131–145.
Macagno, E. O., and Hung, T. K. (1967). “Computational and experimental study of a captive annular eddy.” J. Fluid Mech., 28(1), 43–64.
Milne, W. E. (1953). Numerical solution of differential equations, Wiley, New York.
Porter, C. S., and Chopra, A. K., (1981). “Dynamic analysis of simple arch dams including hydrodynamic interaction,” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 9, 573–597.
Rashed, A. A., and Iwan, W. D. (1984). “Hydrodynamic pressure on short-length gravity dams.” J. Eng. Mech., 110(9), 1264–1283.
Sun, K., and Hadipriono, F. C. (1990). “Hydrodynamic pressure analysis of arch dams with T-complete functions.” J. Eng. Mech., 116(9), 2054–2069.
Tsai, C. S., and Lee, G. C. (1990). “Method for transient analysis of three-dimensional dam-reservoir interactions.” J. Eng. Mech., 116(10), 2151–2172.
Wang, H. B., and Li, D. Y. (2006). “Experimental study of seismic overloading of large arch dam.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(2), 199–216.
Wang, H. B., and Li, D. Y. (2007). “Experimental study of dynamic damage of an arch dam.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 36(3), 347–366.
Wang, M. H., and Hung, T. K. (1990). “Three dimensional analysis of pressure on dams.” J. Eng. Mech., 116(6), 1290–1304.
Westergaard, H. M. (1933). “Water pressure on dams during earthquakes.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 98, 418–472.
Wu, Y. M., and Wu, C. F. (2007). “Approximate recovery of coseismic deformation from Taiwan strong-motion records.” J. Seismol., 11, 159–170.
Zhou, J., Lin, G., Zhu, T., Jefferson, A. D., and Williams, F. W. (2000). “Experimental investigations into seismic failure of high arch dams.” J. Struct. Eng., 126(8), 926–935.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137 • Issue 1 • January 2011
Pages: 34 - 44
Copyright
© 2011 ASCE.
History
Received: May 7, 2007
Accepted: Apr 26, 2010
Published online: Apr 29, 2010
Published in print: Jan 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.