Integrated Two-Dimensional Surface and Three-Dimensional Subsurface Contaminant Transport Model Considering Soil Erosion and Sorption
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 12
Abstract
To investigate the complex hydrological, morphodynamic, and environmental processes in watersheds, a physically-based integrated two-dimensional (2D) surface and three-dimensional (3D) subsurface model for flow, soil erosion and transport, and contaminant transport in the surface-subsurface system is presented in this paper. The model simulates the rainfall-induced surface flow by solving the depth-averaged 2D diffusion wave equation and the variably-saturated subsurface flow by solving the 3D mixed-form Richards equation. The surface and subsurface flow equations are coupled using the continuity conditions of pressure and exchange flux at the ground surface. The model uses the concept of nonequilibrium in the depth-averaged 2D simulation of nonuniform total-load sediment transport in upland fields, considering detachments by rainsplash and hydraulic erosion driven by surface flow. The integrated 2D surface and 3D subsurface contaminant transport model takes into account the contaminant changes due to sediment sorption and desorption, as well as exchanges between surface and subsurface domains due to infiltration, diffusion, and bed change. The model applies the same set of surface equations of flow, sediment, and contaminant transport for describing both upland areas and streams, so that no special treatments are required at their interface. The established model has been evaluated by comparisons with published experimental, numerical, and analytical data and then applied in an agricultural watershed. The model is suitable for wetland areas and agricultural watersheds in which streams are not very narrow and deep, and meanwhile a relatively fine mesh that can distinguish the streams is preferred.
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Acknowledgments
This study is supported by the UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Mississippi and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Dr. Mustafa Altinakar, Dr. Alex Cheng, Dr. Gregg Davidson, Dr. Garey Fox, Dr. Marjorie M. Holland, Dr. Alfred T. Mikell, and Dr. Clint W. Williford in the Interdisciplinary Working Group on Water Resources/Water Quality/Aquatic Ecosystems at the University of Mississippi are acknowledged for their collaboration. We are grateful to Dr. VanderKwaak for providing data of the experiments of Abdul (1985), and to Dr. Yongping Yuan and Dr. Gregg Davidson for providing data for the Deep Hollow Lake watershed case.
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Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 12 • December 2009
Pages: 1028 - 1040
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 21, 2008
Accepted: Jun 15, 2009
Published online: Jun 18, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009
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