Simultaneous Regionalization of Gauged and Ungauged Watersheds Using a Missing Data Clustering Method
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 25, Issue 5
Abstract
Use of flood statistics in the regionalization of watersheds may improve the homogeneity of regions. However, it is not possible to use the feature vectors, including the flood statistics, to estimate the flood quantiles for ungauged watersheds by most of the regionalization methods, especially those based on cluster analysis. In the current study, the effect of merging a flood statistic into a feature vector consisting of watershed features has been assessed and then, some algorithms based on the cluster analysis have been proposed for regionalization of watersheds. The proposed algorithms can be applied to the feature vectors corresponding to the gauged and ungauged watersheds simultaneously. The algorithms were applied to the data related to the Karun-e-Bozorg basin in Iran. The results showed that joining a flood statistic with an appropriate weight to the feature vectors used in regionalization may improve the results of regionalization according to the number of the watersheds assigned to the homogeneous regions. Also, the proposed regionalization algorithms can increase the number of watersheds assigned to the homogeneous regions noticeably.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
References
Acreman, M. C., and C. D. Sinclair. 1986. “Classification of drainage basins according to their physical characteristics: An application for flood frequency analysis in Scotland.” J. Hydrol. 84 (3–4): 365–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90134-4.
Ahani, A., and S. S. Mousavi Nadoushani. 2016. “Assessment of some combinations of hard and fuzzy clustering techniques for regionalisation of catchments in Sefidroud basin.” J. Hydroinform. 18 (6): 1033–1054. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.239.
Ahani, A., S. S. Mousavi Nadoushani, and A. Moridi. 2018. “A feature weighting and selection method for improving the homogeneity of regions in regionalization of watersheds.” Hydrol. Processes 32 (13): 2084–2095. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13139.
Asong, Z. E., M. N. Khaliq, and H. S. Wheater. 2015. “Regionalization of precipitation characteristics in the Canadian prairie provinces using large-scale atmospheric covariates and geophysical attributes.” Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess. 29 (3): 875–892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-014-0918-z.
Basu, B., and V. V. Srinivas. 2014. “Regional flood frequency analysis using kernel-based fuzzy clustering approach.” Water Resour. Res. 50 (4): 3295–3316. https://doi.org/10.1002/2012WR012828.
Basu, B., and V. V. Srinivas. 2015. “Analytical approach to quantile estimation in regional frequency analysis based on fuzzy framework.” J. Hydrol. 524 (May): 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.026.
Bhaskar, N. R., and C. A. O’Connor. 1989. “Comparison of method of residuals and cluster analysis for flood regionalization.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 115 (6): 793–808. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1989)115:6(793).
Burn, D., and N. K. Goel. 2000. “The formation of groups for regional flood frequency analysis.” Hydrol. Sci. J. 45 (1): 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660009492308.
Burn, D. H. 1989. “Cluster analysis as applied to regional flood frequency.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 115 (5): 567–582. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1989)115:5(567).
Cavadias, G. S. 1990. “The canonical correlation approach to regional flood estimation.” In Proc., Regionalization in Hydrology (Ljubljana Symp.), 171–178. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences.
Cavadias, G. S., T. B. M. J. Ouarda, B. Bobe, and C. Girard. 2001. “A canonical correlation approach to the determination of homogeneous regions for regional flood estimation of ungauged basins.” Hydrol. Sci. J. 46 (4): 499–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626660109492846.
Chi, J. T., E. C. Chi, and R. G. Baraniuk. 2016. “K-pod: A method for k-means clustering of missing data.” Am. Stat. 70 (1): 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2015.1086685.
Di Prinzio, M., A. Castellarin, and E. Toth. 2011. “Data-driven catchment classification: Application to the pub problem.” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 15 (6): 1921–1935. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1921-2011.
Dodangeh, E., S. Soltani, A. Sarhadi, and J.-T. Shiau. 2014. “Application of L-moments and Bayesian inference for low-flow regionalization in Sefidroud basin, Iran.” Hydrol. Processes 28 (4): 1663–1676. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9711.
Farsadnia, F., M. Rostami Kamrood, A. Moghaddam Nia, R. Modarres, M. T. Bray, D. Han, and J. Sadatinejad. 2014. “Identification of homogeneous regions for regionalization of watersheds by two-level self-organizing feature maps.” J. Hydrol. 509 (Feb): 387–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.050.
Hall, M. J., and A. W. Minns. 1999. “The classification of hydrologically homogeneous regions.” Hydrol. Sci. J. 44 (5): 693–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669909492268.
Hall, M. J., A. W. Minns, and A. K. M. Ashrafuzzaman. 2002. “The application of data mining techniques for the regionalisation of hydrological variables.” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 6 (4): 685–694. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-685-2002.
Hartigan, J. A., and M. A. Wong. 1979. “Algorithm as 136: A k-means clustering algorithm.” J. R. Stat. Soc. 28 (1): 100–108. https://doi.org/10.2307/2346830.
Hosking, J. R. M., and J. R. Wallis. 1993. “Some statistics useful in regional frequency analysis.” Water Resour. Res. 29 (2): 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01980.
Hosking, J. R. M., and J. R. Wallis. 1997. Regional frequency analysis: An approach based on L-moments. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hotelling, H. 1936. “Relations between two sets of variates.” Biometrika 28 (3/4): 321–377. https://doi.org/10.2307/2333955.
Ilorme, F., and V. W. Griffis. 2013. “A novel procedure for delineation of hydrologically homogeneous regions and the classification of ungauged sites for design flood estimation.” J. Hydrol. 492 (Jun): 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.045.
Jingyi, Z., and M. J. Hall. 2004. “Regional flood frequency analysis for the Gan-Ming River basin in China.” J. Hydrol. 296 (1–4): 98–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.018.
Kar, A. K., N. K. Goel, A. K. Lohani, and G. P. Roy. 2012. “Application of clustering techniques using prioritized variables in regional flood frequency analysis—Case study of Mahanadi basin.” J. Hydrol. Eng. 17 (1): 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000417.
Kingston, D. G., D. M. Hannah, D. M. Lawler, and G. R. McGregor. 2011. “Regional classification, variability, and trends of northern North Atlantic river flow.” Hydrol. Processes 25 (7): 1021–1033. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7655.
Lin, G.-F., and L.-H. Chen. 2006. “Identification of homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis using the self-organizing map.” J. Hydrol. 324 (1–4): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.009.
Nathan, R. J., and T. A. McMahon. 1990. “Identification of homogeneous regions for the purposes of regionalisation.” J. Hydrol. 121 (1–4): 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90233-N.
Nezhad, M. K., K. Chokmani, T. B. M. J. Ouarda, M. Barbet, and P. Bruneau. 2010. “Regional flood frequency analysis using residual kriging in physiographical space.” Hydrol. Processes 24 (15): 2045–2055. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7631.
Ouali, D., F. Chebana, and T. B. M. J. Ouarda. 2015. “Non-linear canonical correlation analysis in regional frequency analysis.” Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess. 30 (2): 449–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1092-7.
Ouarda, T. B. M. J., K. M. Bâ, C. Diaz-Delgado, A. Crsteanu, K. Chokmani, H. Gingras, E. Quentin, E. Trujillo, and B. Bobe. 2008. “Intercomparison of regional flood frequency estimation methods at ungauged sites for a Mexican case study.” J. Hydrol. 348 (1–2): 40–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.031.
Ouarda, T. B. M. J., C. Girard, G. S. Cavadias, and B. Bobe. 2001. “Regional flood frequency estimation with canonical correlation analysis.” J. Hydrol. 254 (1–4): 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00488-7.
Ramachandra Rao, A., and V. V. Srinivas. 2006a. “Regionalization of watersheds by fuzzy cluster analysis.” J. Hydrol. 318 (1–4): 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.003.
Ramachandra Rao, A., and V. V. Srinivas. 2006b. “Regionalization of watersheds by hybrid-cluster analysis.” J. Hydrol. 318 (1–4): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.06.003.
Ramachandra Rao, A., and V. V. Srinivas. 2008. Vol. 58 of Regionalization of watersheds: An approach based on cluster analysis: Water science and technology library. New York: Springer.
Razavi, T., and P. Coulibaly. 2013. “Classification of Ontario watersheds based on physical attributes and streamflow series.” J. Hydrol. 493 (Jun): 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.013.
Ribeiro-Corra, J., G. S. Cavadias, B. Clment, and J. Rousselle. 1995. “Identification of hydrological neighborhoods using canonical correlation analysis.” J. Hydrol. 173 (14): 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02719-6.
Sadri, S., and D. H. Burn. 2011. “A fuzzy c-means approach for regionalization using a bivariate homogeneity and discordancy approach.” J. Hydrol. 401 (3–4): 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.02.027.
Sadri, S., and D. H. Burn. 2014. “Copula-based pooled frequency analysis of droughts in the Canadian Prairies.” J. Hydrol. Eng. 19 (2): 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000603.
Shu, C., and T. B. M. J. Ouarda. 2007. “Flood frequency analysis at ungauged sites using artificial neural networks in canonical correlation analysis physiographic space.” Water Resour. Res. 43 (7): W07438. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005142.
Srinivas, V. V., S. Tripathi, A. Ramachandra Rao, and R. S. Govindaraju. 2008. “Regional flood frequency analysis by combining self-organizing feature map and fuzzy clustering.” J. Hydrol. 348 (1–2): 148–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.046.
Toth, E. 2013. “Catchment classification based on characterisation of streamflow and precipitation time series.” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 17 (3): 1149–1159. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1149-2013.
Viglione, A., F. Laio, and P. Claps. 2007. “A comparison of homogeneity tests for regional frequency analysis.” Water Resour. Res. 43 (3): W03428. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005095.
Ward, J. H., Jr. 1963. “Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function.” J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 58 (301): 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 25 • Issue 5 • May 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 15, 2019
Accepted: Nov 26, 2019
Published online: Feb 28, 2020
Published in print: May 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Jul 28, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.