Effect of Herbicides on Evapotranspiration of Willow Marshes in the Upper St. Johns River Basin, Florida
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 9
Abstract
During the last 40 years, Carolina willow (Salix caroliniana Michx.) expanded into areas previously dominated by herbaceous marshes in the Upper St. Johns River basin (USJRB) of east-central Florida, United States. This change in vegetation affects evapotranspiration (ET). To quantify changes in ET at the community level after willows were removed using herbicides, a two-year field experiment with a randomized complete block design was implemented. The design included an unsprayed control and two different aerially sprayed herbicide treatments and was replicated in four blocks along the Upper St. Johns River. Daily ET was estimated using the Penmen-Monteith equation from July 1, 2014, to August 31, 2016. Cumulative ET difference between the control and treated plots increased substantially during the growing season after herbicide application. Mean annual evapotranspiration was on control plots, on plots treated with Aquasweep or Ecomazapyr herbicide, and on plots treated by Clearcast herbicide. A single-parameter annual ET model derived from a Budyko-type equation was applied to the study area, and the model parameter () strongly correlated with willow fractional coverage in April. The empirical equation obtained from this study can be potentially used for evaluating the impacts of willow treatment and climate on long-term evapotranspiration in the study area.
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Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD). The authors thank Kimberli Ponzio, Cecil Slaughter, Ken Snyder, Randy Snyder, Tim Miller, Dean Dobberfuhl, and many others from the SJRWMD for sharing their experiences and advice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the SJRWMD. The authors also recognize the editor and reviewers for their constructive comments.
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Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 23 • Issue 9 • September 2018
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©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Aug 15, 2017
Accepted: Mar 14, 2018
Published online: Jun 18, 2018
Published in print: Sep 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Nov 18, 2018
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