Error Analysis on PERSIANN Precipitation Estimations: Case Study of Urmia Lake Basin, Iran
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 23, Issue 6
Abstract
In-depth evaluation and analysis of the error properties associated with satellite-based precipitation estimation algorithms can play an important role in the future development and improvements of these products. This study evaluates the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) daily data set from 2000 to 2011 in 69 pixels over a semiarid basin in northwest Iran and compares it with the data set of the existing rain-gauge network. Different analytical approaches and measures are used to examine PERSIANN performance seasonally and categorically. The residuals are also decomposed into true positive (hit), false negative (miss), and false alarm (FA) estimate biases in addition to systematic and random error components. The results show seasonal variability of PERSIANN precision in rainfall detection with substantial errors during winter and summer that are associated with high rates of FA ratio (more than 60%). The value of miss and FA biases (124 and , respectively, within the total data set) are considerably larger than hit and total bias (27 and 74,000 mm, respectively) because these components contribute conversely and compensate each other by their opposite signs. Moreover, PERSIANN detects heavy rainfalls well with a probability of detection (POD) over 80%, but with serious biases. Generally, although the detection ability of PERSIANN improves as the rate of rainfall increases, its systematic error in simulation of the rainfall process also increases (from 5% systematic error to 90% in heavier rainfalls), leading to a low level of accuracy in the estimation of precipitation rate.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AghaKouchak, A., Mehran, A., Norouzi, H., and Behrangi, A. (2012). “Systematic and random error components in satellite precipitation data sets.” Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(9), L09406.
Alder, C. K., Petty, G., Morissey, M., and Goodman, H. M. (2001). “Intercomparison of global precipitation products: The third precipitation intercomparison project (PIP-3).” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82(7), 1377–1396.
Arkin, P. A., and Turk, J. (2006). “Program to evaluate high resolution precipitation products (PEHRPP): A contribution to GPM planning.” 6th GPM Int. Planning Workshop, NASA, Annapolis, MD.
Arkin, P. A., and Xie, P. P. (1994). “The global precipitation climatology project: First algorithm intercomparison project.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 75(3), 401–419.
Dinku, T., Chidzambwa, S., Ceccato, P., Connor, S. J., and Ropelewski, C. F. (2008). “Validation of high-resolution satellite rainfall products over complex terrain.” Int. J. Remote Sens., 29(14), 4097–4110.
Ebert, E. E., Janowiak, J., and Kidd, C. (2007). “Comparison of near real time precipitation estimates from satellite observations and numerical models.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 88(1), 47–64.
Ebert, E. E., Manton, M. J., Arkin, P. A., Allam, R. J., Holpin, G. E., and Gruber, A. J. (1996). “Results from the GPCP algorithm intercomparison programme.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77(12), 2875–2887.
Ghajarnia, N., Liaghat, A., and Arasteh, P. D. (2015). “Comparison and evaluation of high resolution precipitation estimation products in Urmia Basin-Iran.” Atmos. Res., 158, 50–65.
de Gonçalves, L. G. G., et al. (2006). “Evaluation of model-derived and remotely sensed precipitation products for continental South America.” J. Geophys. Res., 111(16), D16113.
Habib, E., Henschke, A., and Adler, R. (2009). “Evaluation of TMPA satellite-based research and real-time rainfall estimates during six tropical related heavy rainfall events over Louisiana, USA.” Atmos. Res., 94(3), 373–388.
Hirpa, F. A., Gebremichael, M., and Hopson, T. (2010). “Evaluation of high-resolution satellite precipitation products over very complex terrain in Ethiopia.” J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 49(5), 1044–1051.
Hong, Y., Gochis, D., Cheng, J., Hsu, K. L., and Sorooshian, S. (2007). “Evaluation of PERSIANN-CCS rainfall measurement using the NAME event rain gauge network.” J. Hydrometeorol. 8(3), 469–482.
Hsu, K., Gao, X., Sorooshian, S., and Gupta, H. V. (1997). “Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks.” J. Appl. Meteorol., 36(9), 1176–1190.
Huffman, G. J., et al. (2007). “The TRMM multisatellite precipitation analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales.” J. Hydrometeorol., 8(1), 38–55.
Hughes, D. A. (2006). “Comparison of satellite rainfall data with observations from gauging station networks.” J. Hydrol., 327(3–4), 399–410.
Jamandre, C. A., and Narisma, G. T. (2013). “Spatio-temporal validation of satellite-based rainfall estimates in the Philippines.” Atmos. Res., 122, 599–608.
Javanmard, S., Yatagai, A., Nodzu, M. M., BodaghJamali, J., and Kawamoto, H. (2010). “Comparing high-resolution gridded precipitation data with satellite rainfall estimate of TRMM_3B42 over Iran.” Adv. Geosci., 25, 119–125.
Joyce, R. J., Janowiak, J. E., Arkin, P. A., and Xi, P. (2004). “CMORPH: A method that produces global precipitation estimates from passive microwave and infrared data at high spatial and temporal resolution.” J. Hydrometeorol., 5(3), 487–503.
Katiraie, B. P. S., Nasrollahi, N., Hsu, L. K., and Sorooshian, S. (2013). “Evaluation of satellite-based precipitation estimation over Iran.” J. Arid. Environ., 97, 205–219.
Kidd, C., et al. (2012). “Intercomparison of high-resolution precipitation products over northwest Europe.” J. Hydrometeorol., 13(1), 67–83.
Liu, Z. (2015). “Comparison of precipitation estimates between version 7 3-hourly TRMM multi-satellite analysis (TMPA) near-real-time and research product.” Atmos. Res., 153, 119–133.
Lo-Conti, F., Hsu, K. L., Noto, V. L., and Sorooshian, S. (2014). “Evaluation and comparison of Sattelite precipitation estimations with reference to a local area in the Mediterranean Sea.” Atmos. Res., 138, 189–204.
Marzano, F., Palmacci, M., Cimini, D., Giuliani, G., and Turk, F. (2004). “Multivariate statistical integration of satellite infrared and microwave radiometric measurements for rainfall retrieval at the geostationary scale.” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 42(5), 1018–1032.
Moazami, S., Golian, S., Kavianpour, M. R., and Hong, Y. (2014). “Uncertainty analysis of bias from satellite rainfall estimates using copula method.” Atmos. Res., 137, 145–166.
Moazami, S., Golian, S., Kavianpour, M. R., and Yang, H. (2013). “Comparison of PERSIANN and V7 TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA) products with rain gauge data over Iran.” Int. J. Remote Sens., 34(22), 8156–8171.
Nasrollahi, N., Hsu, K., and Sorooshian, S. (2013). “An artificial neural network model to reduce false alarms in satellite precipitation products using MODIS and CloudSat observations.” J. Hydrometeor, 14(6), 1872–1883.
Nastos, P. T., Kapsomenakis, J., and Douvis, K. C. (2013). “Analysis of precipitation extremes based on satellite and high-resolution gridded data set over Mediterranean basin.” Atmos. Res., 131, 46–59.
Porcu, F., Milani, L., and Petracca, M. (2014). “On the uncertainties in validating satellite instantaneous rainfall estimates with raingauge operational network.” Atmos. Res., 144, 73–81.
Sapiano, M. R. P., and Arkin, P. A. (2009). “An intercomparison and validation of high-resolution satellite precipitation estimates with 3-hourly gauge data.” J. Hydrometeorol., 10(1), 149–166.
Smith, E. A., Lamm, J. E., Adler, R. F., Alishouse, J., and Aonashi, K. (1998). “Results of the WetNet PIP-2 project.” J. Atmos. Sci., 55(9), 1483–1536.
Sohn, B. J., Han, H. J., and Seo, E. K. (2010). “Validation of satellite-based high-resolution rainfall products over the Korean Peninsula using data from a dense rain gauge network.” J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 49(4), 701–714.
Sorooshian, S., et al. (2011). “Advanced concepts on remote sensing of precipitation at multiple scales.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 92(10), 1353–1357.
Sorooshian, S., Hsu, K., and Gao, X. (2000). “Evaluation of PERSIANN system satellite-based estimates of tropical rainfall.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 8(2), 2035–2045.
Tang, L., and Hossain, F. (2012). “Investigating the similarity of satellite rainfall error metrics as a function of Köppen climate classification.” Atmos. Res., 104, 182–192.
Tian, Y., et al. (2009). “Component analysis of errors in satellite-based precipitation estimates.” J. Geophys. Res., 114, D24101.
Tian, Y., Lidard-Peters, C. D., Choudhury, B. J., and Garcia, M. (2007). “Multitemporal analysis of TRMM-based satellite precipitation products for land data assimilation applications.” J. Hydrometeorol., 8(6), 1165–1183.
Turk, F. J., Arkin, P., Ebert, E. E., and Sapiano, M. R. P. (2008). “Evaluating high-resolution precipitation products.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89(12), 1911–1916.
Turk, F. J., and Xian, P. (2013). “An assessment of satellite-based high resolution precipitation datasets for atmospheric composition studies in the maritime continent.” Atmos. Res., 122, 579–598.
ULRT (Urmia Lake Rescue Program). (2013). “Resources and consumptions report of Urmia Lake water basin.” Iran Ministry of Power, Tehran, Iran.
Vernimmen, R. R. E., Hooijer, A., Aldrian, E., and van Dijk, A. I. J. M. (2012). “Evaluation and bias correction of satellite rainfall data for drought monitoring in Indonesia.” Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16(1), 133–146.
Ward, E., Buytaert, W., Peaver, L., and Wheater, H. (2011). “Evaluation of precipitation products over complex mountainous terrain: A water resources perspective.” Adv. Water Resour., 34(10), 1222–1231.
Willmott, J. R. (1981). “On the validation of models.” Phys. Geogr., 2(2), 184–194.
Yatagai, A., Kamiguchi, K., Arakawa, O., Hamada, A., Yasutomi, N., and Kitoh, A. (2012). “APHRODITE: Constructing a long-term daily gridded precipitation dataset for Asia based on a dense network of rain gauges.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93(9), 1401–1415.
Zhou, T., Rucong, Y., Haoming, C., Aiguo, D., and Yang, P. (2008). “Summer precipitation frequency, intensity and diurnal cycle over China: A comparison of satellite data with rain gauge observation.” J. Clim., 21(16), 3997–4010.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 23 • Issue 6 • June 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 27, 2016
Accepted: Oct 25, 2017
Published online: Mar 23, 2018
Published in print: Jun 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Aug 23, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.