Resistance in Steep Open Channels due to Randomly Distributed Macroroughness Elements at Large Froude Numbers
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 22, Issue 12
Abstract
Energy loss in a steep open channel due to randomly spaced spherically shaped macroroughness elements such as boulders was investigated using a three-dimensional fluid dynamics solver. First, a relationship for energy loss at large Froude numbers due to a single boulder was derived as a function of flow rate, flow depth, and boulder diameter. Nondimensional energy loss increases with Froude number and decreases with the relative submergence. However, the exponents in the power law relationship are different for three different ranges of submergence ratio: , 0.5–1.0, and . The energy loss attributable to a cluster of boulders depends on cluster density, Froude number, and submergence ratio. For the same number of boulders, energy loss decreases as cluster density increases. However, variation in the pattern of boulder arrangement has only a marginal effect () when the submergence ratio is more than 0.5. The simple procedure proposed for estimating energy loss due to a cluster of randomly distributed boulders of equal size predicts energy loss within 10% accuracy.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Indo-German Centre for Sustainability (IGCS) funded by the Department of Science and Technology, India, through the Indian Institute of Technology Madras and German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).
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©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 8, 2017
Accepted: Jun 1, 2017
Published online: Oct 13, 2017
Published in print: Dec 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Mar 13, 2018
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