Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationships for Andhra Pradesh, India: Changing Rainfall Patterns and Implications for Runoff and Groundwater Recharge
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 18, Issue 3
Abstract
Accurate and current rainfall characterization is an important tool for water-related system design and management. Updated rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships in peninsular India were developed; impacts on runoff and groundwater recharge attributable to changes in rainfall characteristics are discussed. Two data sets were used from gage in Hyderabad city, the capital of Andhra Pradesh: hourly rainfall data for the 19 years from 1993–2011 and daily rainfall data for the 30 years from 1982–2011. Hourly data were used to develop updated rainfall IDF relationships; daily data were used for trend analysis of threshold-based rainfall events. IDF curves were developed for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100 years for 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 24-h durations. The updated IDF relationships showed a significant change in rainfall characteristics compared with older relationships for the region surrounding Hyderabad, India; they showed greater rainfall intensities across all durations and return periods. Greater intensity storms may reduce groundwater recharge and increase runoff, making the surface storage of runoff increasingly important to enhance recharge and reduce flooding risks.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Alcamo, J., Henrichs, T., and Rosch, T. (2000). “World water in 2025: Global modeling and scenario analysis.” World water scenarios analyses, F. R. Rijsberman, ed., World Water Council, Marseille, France.
Allen, M. R., and Ingram, W. J. (2002). “Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle.” Nature, 419(6903), 224–232.
Angel, J. R., and Huff, H. A. (1997). “Changes in heavy rainfall in the midwestern United States.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 123(4), 246–249.
AQUASTAT. (2010). “Food and Agriculture Organization, Water Resources Development and Management Service.” Rome, Italy 〈http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm〉 (Dec. 10, 2011).
Bandyopadhyay, A., Bhadra, A., Raghuwanshi, N. S., and Singh, R. (2009). “Temporal trends in estimates of reference evapotranspiration over India.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 14(5), 508–515.
Bernard, M. M. (1932). “Formulas for rainfall intensities of long durations.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 96(1), 592–624.
Bouwer, H. (1966). “Rapid field measurement of air-entry value and hydraulic conductivity of soil as significant parameters in flow system analysis.” Water Resour. Res., 2(4), 729–738.
Central Groundwater Board (CGWB). (2002). “Master plan for artificial recharge to groundwater in India.” Faridabad, Haryana, 〈http://cgwb.gov.in/artificial_recharge.html〉 (Apr. 11, 2011).
Central Groundwater Board (CGWB). (2007). “Groundwater information, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh.” Faridabad, Haryana, 〈http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/AP/Medak.pdf〉 (Mar. 25, 2011).
Central Groundwater Board (CGWB). (2011). “Dynamic groundwater resources of India.” Faridabad, Haryana, 〈http://cgwb.gov.in/documents/Dynamic%20GW%20Resources%20-2009.pdf〉 (Dec. 4, 2012).
De Vries, J. J., and Simmers, I. (2002). “Ground water recharge: An overview of processes and challenges.” Hydrogeol. J., 10(1), 5–17.
Douglas, E. M., and Fairbank, C. A. (2011). “Is precipitation in northern New England becoming more extreme? Statistical analysis of extreme rainfall in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine and updated estimates of the 100-year storm.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 16(3), 203–217.
Easterling, D. R., Meehl, G. A., Parmesan, C., Changnon, S. A., Karl, T. R., and Mearns, L. O. (2000). “Climate extremes, observations, modeling, and impacts.” Science, 289(5487), 2068–2074.
Fangmeier, D. D., Elliot, W. J., Workman, S. R., Huffman, R. L., and Schwab, G. O. (2005). Soil and water conservation engineering, 5th Ed., Thomson-Delmar, New York.
Goswami, B. N., Venugopal, V., Sengupta, D., Madhusoodanan, M. S., and Xavier, P. K. (2006). “Increasing trends of extreme rain events over India in a warming environment.” Science, 314(5804), 1442–1445.
Green, W. H., and Ampt, G. A. (1911). “Studies on soil physics Part I: The flow of air and water through soils.” J. Agric. Sci., 4(1), 1–24.
Gujja, B., Dalai, S., Shaik, H., and Goud, V. (2009). “Adapting to climate change in the Godavari River basin of India by restoring traditional water storage systems.” Clim. Dev., 1(3), 229–240.
Guo, Y. (2006). “Updating rainfall IDF relationships to maintain urban drainage design standards.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 11(5), 506–509.
Gupta, P. K., Panigrahy, S., and Parihar, J. S. (2010). “Modeling the spatiotemporal changes in the runoff of major basins in India under the future climate change scenario.” Bull. National Natural Resour. Manage. Syst., 35, 57–62.
Hennessy, K. J., Gregory, J. M., and Mitchell, J. F. B. (1997). “Changes in daily precipitation under enhanced greenhouse conditions.” Clim. Dyn., 13(9), 667–680.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2001). Climate change 2001: The scientific basis, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK.
Jain, S. K., Agarwal, P. K., and Singh, V. P. (2007). “Hydrology and water resources of India.” Water science technology library 57, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Joshi, U., and Rajeevan, M. (2006). “Trends in precipitation extremes over India.”, National Climate Centre, Pune, India.
Karl, T. R., Knight, R. W., and Plummer, N. (1995). “Trends in high-frequency climate variability in the twentieth century.” Nature, 377(6546), 217–220.
Klute, A., and Dirksen, C. (1986). “Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods.” Methods of soil analysis, Part: Physical and mineralogical methods, 2nd Ed., Agronomy Monograph 9, A. Klute, ed., ASA, Madison, WI, 687–734.
Kothyari, U. C., and Garde, R. J. (1992). “Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency formula for India.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 118(2), 323–336.
Kunkel, K. E., Andsager, K., and Easterling, D. R. (1999). “Long-term trends in extreme precipitation events over the conterminous United States and Canada.” J. Clim., 12, 2515–2527.
Madsen, H., Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., and Mikkelsen, P. S. (2009). “Update of regional intensity-duration-frequency curves in Denmark: Tendency towards increased storm intensities.” Atmos. Res., 92(3), 343–349.
May, W. (2004). “Variability and extremes of daily rainfall during the Indian summer monsoon in the period 1901–1989.” Global Planetary Change, 44(1–4), 83–105.
Mein, R. G., and Larson, C. L. (1973). “Modeling infiltration during a steady rain.” Water Resour. Res., 9(2), 384–394.
Moron, V., Robertson, A. W., Ward, M. N., and Camberlin, P. (2007). “Spatial coherence of tropical rainfall at the regional scale.” J. Clim., 20(21), 5244–5263.
Owor, M., Taylor, R. G., Tindimugaya, C., and Mwesigwa, D. (2009). “Rainfall intensity and groundwater recharge, evidence from the Upper Nile Basin.” Environ. Res. Lett., 4(3), 1–6.
Pall, P., Allen, M. R., and Stone, D. A. (2007). “Testing the Clausius–Clapeyron constraint on changes in extreme precipitation under CO2 warming.” Clim. Dyn., 28(4), 351–363.
Rangan, H., Kull, C. A., and Alexander, L. (2010). “Forest plantations, water availability, and regional climate change: Controversies surrounding Acacia mearnsii plantations in the upper Palnis Hills, southern India.” Regional Environmental Change, 10(2), 103–117.
Rawls, W. J., Brakensiek, D. L., and Miller, N. (1983). “Green-Ampt infiltration parameters from soil data.” Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 109(1), 62–70.
Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., and Famiglietti, J. S. (2009). “Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India.” Nature, 460(7258), 999–1002.
Shah, T. (2007). “The groundwater economy of south Asia: An assessment of size, significance and the socio-ecological impacts.” The agricultural groundwater revolution: Opportunities and threats to development, M. Giordano and K. G. Villholth, eds, International Water Management Institute, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.
Shah, T., Roy, A. D., Qureshi, A. S., and Wang, J. (2003). “Sustaining Asia’s groundwater boom: An overview of issues and evidence.” Natural Resour. Forum, 27(2), 130–141.
Soil Survey Staff. (1999). Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys, 2nd Ed., U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Washington, DC.
Trenberth, K. E., Aigu, D., Rasmussen, R. M., and Parsons, D. B. (2003). “The changing character of precipitation.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84(9), 1205–1217.
Yang, H., Reichert, P., Abbaspour, K., and Zehnder, A. J. B. (2003). “A water resources threshold and its implications for food security.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(14), 3048–3054.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 18 • Issue 3 • March 2013
Pages: 324 - 330
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 29, 2011
Accepted: Mar 23, 2012
Published online: Mar 27, 2012
Published in print: Mar 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.