Effect of Land Use on Scouring Flow Hydraulics and Transport of Soil Solute in Erosion
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 18, Issue 4
Abstract
Water flushing was applied to different land use plots on Loess slopes to examine the effect of land use changes on flow hydraulics and the transport of soil surface solutes in erosion. The runoff and movement of sediment and soil solutes were analyzed in relation to land use and scouring flow. Flow experiments were conducted with five land use treatments: abandoned land (Salsola ruthenica), alfalfa land (Medicago sativa), corn land, scrub land (Caragana intermedia), and bare land. The results show that at the same scouring time, the cumulative sediment yields with different land use types are: bare land > corn land > Caragana intermedia land > abandoned land > alfalfa land. The unit sediment loads are similar to this modulus of the cumulative sediment yields. The pre-experimental water contents of the soil profile exerted a greater effect on the content of soil moisture and its distribution on the slope than that of the antecedent solute contents in the field experiment conditions for different land use types. The land use types also affected the surface transport of soil solute. The bromide concentrations in runoff were in the order of: bare land > corn land > alfalfa land > Caragana intermedia land > abandoned land. The nitrate concentrations in runoff with different land use types had no obvious orderliness. However, the nitrate concentration was lineally related to the bromide concentration, as expressed by ().
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work were partially supported by research projects under 973 Program (project No. 2011CB411903), the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (project No. 51239009), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project Nos. 41101257 and 41171221), the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams—Process simulation of soil and water of a watershed, and the Director Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau (Project No: 10501-252). We are grateful for the assistance of Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science.
References
Abrahams, A. D., Li, G., Krishnan., C., and Atkinson, J. F. (1998). “Predicting sediment transport by interrill overland flow on rough surfaces.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 23, 481–492.
Andrew, W. W., Gunter, B., and Rodger, B. G. (1998). “Geostatistical characterization of soil moisture patterns in the Tarrawarra catchment.” J. Hydrol., 205(1–2), 20–37.
Bagnold, R. A. (1977). “Bedload transport by natural rivers.” Water Resour. Res., 13(2), 303–311.
Bouma, J., Varallyay, G., and Batjes, N. H. (1998). “Principal land use changes anticipated in Europe.” Agric., Ecosyst. Environ., 67(2–3), 103–119.
Cammeraat, E. L. H. (2004). “Scale dependent thresholds in hydrological and erosion response of a semi-arid catchment in southeast Spain.” Agric., Ecosyst. Environ., 104, 317–332.
Casermeeiro, M. A., Molina, J. A., Cravaca, M. T., Costa, J., Massanet, M. I., and Moreno, P. S. (2004). “Influence of scrubs on runoff and sediment loss in soils of Mediterranean climate.” Catena, 57(1), 91–107.
Chen, L., Wang, L., Fu, B., and Qiu, Y. (2001). “Land use change in a small catchment of northern Loess Plateau, China.” Agric., Ecosyst. Environ., 86(2), 163–172.
Elliot, W. J., and Laflen, J. M. (1993). “A process-based rill erosion model.” Trans. ASAE, 36(1), 65–72.
Fu, B. (1989). “Soil erosion risk and its control in the loess plateau of China.” Soil Use Manage., 5(2), 76–82.
Fu, B., and Gulinck, H. (1994). “Land evaluation in area of severe erosion: The Loess Plateau of China.” Land Degrad. Rehabil., 5(1), 33–40.
Fu, B., Wang, J., Chen, L. D., and Qiu, Y. (2003). “The effects of land use on soil moisture variation in the Danangou catchment of Loess Plateau, China.” Catena, 54(1–2), 197–213.
Gilley, J. E., Kittwitz, E. R., and Simanton, J. R. (1990). “Hydraulic characteristics of rills.” Trans. ASAE, 33(6), 1900–1906.
Gilley, J. E., Kottwitz, E. R., and Wieman, G. A. (1992). “Darcy-Weisbach roughness coefficients for gravel and cobble surfaces.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 118(1), 104–112.
Gimenez, R., and Govers, G. (2002). “Flow detachment by concentrated flow on smooth and irregular beds.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 66(5), 1475–1483.
Govers, G., Vandaele, K., Desmet, P., Poesen, J., and Bunte, K. (1994). “The role of tillage in soil redistribution of hillslopes.” Eur. J. Soil Sci., 45(4), 469–478.
Guo, L. B., and Gifford, R. M. (2002). “Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: A meta analysis.” Global Change Biol., 8(4), 345–360.
Guo, T., and Wang, Q. (2008). “Study on hydro-dynamic properties of soil solute in runoff on different loess slope.” J. Soil Water Conserv., 22(5), 17–21, 25 (in Chinese).
Guo, T., Wang, Q., Li, D., and Zhuang, J. (2010). “Effect of surface stone cover on sediment and solute transport on the slope of fallow land in the semi-arid loess region of northwestern China.” J. Soils Sediments, 10(6), 1200–1208.
Hairsine, P. B., and Rose, C. W. (1992). “Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles: 1. Sheet flow.” Water Resour. Res., 28(1), 237–244.
Harden, C. P. (1993). “Land use, soil erosion, and reservoir sedimentation in an Andean drainage basin in Ecuador.” Mt. Res. Dev., 13(2), 177–184.
Hessel, R., Jetten, V., and Zhang, G. H. (2003). “Estimating Manning’s n for steep slopes.” Catena, 54(1–2), 77–91.
Hovius, N. (1998). “Controls on sediment supply by large rivers.” Relative role of eustasy, climate, and tectonic in continental rocks, K. W. Shanley and P. J. McCabe, eds., SEPM, Tulsa, 3–16.
Ingram, J., Lee, L., and Valentin, C. (1996). “The GCTE soil erosion network: A multi-participatory research program.” J. Soil Water Conserv., 51(5), 377–380.
Karvonen, T., Koivusalo, H., and Jauhiainen, M. (1999). “A hydrological model for predicting runoff from different land use areas.” J. Hydrol., 217(3–4), 253–265.
Lasanta, T., Garcra-Ruiz, J. M., Perez-Rontome M. C., and Sancho, C. (2000). “Runoff and sediment yield in a semi-arid environment: The effect of land management after farmland abandonment.” Catena, 38(4), 265–278.
Lavee, H., and Poesen, J. (1991). “Overland flow generation and continuity on stone-covered soil surfaces.” Hydrol. Process., 5(4), 345–360.
Leonard, J., and Richard, G. (2004). “Estimation of runoff critical shear stress for soil erosion from soil shear strength.” Catena, 57(3), 233–249.
Li, G., Abrahams, A. D., and Atkinson, J. F. (1996). “Correction factors in the determination of mean velocity of overland flow.” Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 21(6), 509–515.
Liu, X., and Kang, S. (1999). “Some developments and review of rainfall-infiltration-runoff yield research.” Bull. Soil Water Conserv., 19(2), 57–62 (in Chinese).
Lye, W. M., and Smerdon, E. T. (1965). “Relation of compaction and other soil properties to erosion resistance of soils.” Trans. ASAE, 8, 419–422.
Mandal, U. K., et al. (2005). “Soil infiltration, runoff and sediment yield from a shallow soil with varied stone cover and intensity of rain.” Eur. J. Soil Sci., 56(4), 435–443.
Meyer, L. D. (1994). “Rainfall simulators for soil erosion research.” Soil erosion research methods, 2nd Ed., R. Lal, ed., Soil and Water Conservation Society and St. Lucie Press, Ankeny, IA, 83–103.
Nearing, M. A., and Norton, L. D. (1997). “Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills.” Water Resour. Res., 33(4), 865–876.
Norman, R. J., Edberg, J. C., and Stucki, J. W. (1985). “Determination of nitrate in soil extracts by dual-wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometry.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49(5), 1182–1185.
Paul, K. I., Polglase, P. J., Nyakuengama, J. G., and Khanna, P. K. (2002). “Change in soil carbon following afforestation.” Forest Ecol. Manage., 168(1–3), 241–257.
Poesen, J., Boardman, J., Wilcox, B., and Valentin, C. (1996). “Water erosion monitoring and experimentation for global change studies.” J. Soil Water Conserv., 51(5), 386–390.
Prosser, I. P., Dietrich, W. E., and Stevenson., J. (1995). “Flow resistance and sediment transport by concentrated overland flow in a grassland valley.” Geomorphology, 13(1–4), 71–86.
Purakayastha, T. J., Chhonkar, P. K., Bhadraray, S., Patra, A. K., Verma, V., and Khan, M. A. (2007). “Long-term effects of different land use and soil management on various organic carbon fractions in an Inceptisol of subtropical India.” Aus. J. Soil Res., 45(1), 33–40.
Rauws, G., and Govers, G. (1988). “Hydraulic and soil mechanical aspects of generation on agricultural soils.” Eur. J. Soil Sci., 39(1), 113–126.
Ries, J. B., Langer, M., and Rehberg, C. (2000). “Experimental investigations on water and wind erosion on abandoned fields and arable land in the central Ebro Basin, Aragon, Spain.” Z. Geomorphol., 121, 91–108.
Ruiz-Flano, P., Garcra-Ruiz, J. M., and Ortigosa, L. (1992). “Geomorphological evolution of abandoned fields: A case study in the Central Pyrenees.” Catena, 19(3–4), 301–308.
Savat, J. (1980). “Resistance to flow in rough supercritical sheet flow.” Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 5(2), 103–122.
Schlesinger, W. H. (1990). “Evidence from chronosequence studies for a low carbon-storage potential of soils.” Nature, 348(6298), 232–234.
Takken, I., and Govers, G. (2000). “Hydraulics of interrill overland flow on rough, bare soil surface.” Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 25(13), 1387–1402.
Walton, R. S., Volker, R. E., Bristow, K. L., and Smettem, K. R. J. (2000). “Experimental examination of solute transport by surface runoff from low-angles slopes.” J. Hydrol., 233(1–4), 19–36.
Zhang, G., and Liang, Y. (1995). “Study on runoff beginning time of artificial grassland in loess hilly region.” J. Soil Water Conserv., 9(3), 78–83 (in Chinese).
Zhang, G. H., Liu, B. Y., Liu, G. B., and Nearing, M. A. (2003). “Detachment of undisturbed soil by shallow flow.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67(3), 713–719.
Zhang, X., Quine, T. A., and Walling, D. E. (1998). “Soil erosion rates on sloping cultivated land on the Loess Plateau near Ansai, Shaanxi Province, China: An investigation using and rill measurements.” Hydrol. Process., 12(1), 171–189.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 11, 2011
Accepted: Feb 13, 2012
Published online: Feb 16, 2012
Published in print: Apr 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.