Turbidity Removal during a Subsurface Movement of Source Water: Case Study from Haridwar, India
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 1
Abstract
Due to an increase in deforestation and construction activities in the Himalayan region, there is an increase in sediment laden flow in many rivers, such as the Ganges, which originate from the Himalayan region. Many cities, located along these rivers, withdraw river water through abstraction wells located close to river banks and it is of growing interest to know how the sediment load increase in the source water may affect the turbidity, also a measure of sediment load, in the abstracted water. With this in mind, a study has been carried out to assess the variation of turbidity in the source water and the abstracted water at a river bank filtration site in Haridwar, located on the bank of the River Ganges and at the foothills of the Himalayas, for the period 2005–2006. It is found that the turbidity removal coefficient varies with the natural logarithm of influent concentration of the source water. A theoretical development, based on the use of the Sakthivadivel and Einstein model, is also provided to justify the removal coefficient’s logarithmic variation with the influent concentration.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work reported herein utilizes the data collected during E.U.-India ECCP project in which several partners from Europe and India participated. The data reported herein were collected by Mr. Aseem Kumar Thakur, a cowriter in the paper. He was assisted by Cornellius Sandhu in data collection in the intial stages and he would like to acknowledge his help. The first writer would like to acknowledge the help of European partners, mainly Professor T. Grischek, University of Applied Sciences, Germany, W. Rauch, and B. Wett at University of Innsbruck, Austria for their input in the data collection as well as selection of RBF site. The help of Professor C. Ray at University of Hawaii, United States and financial support of E.U. and DST are also gratefully acknowledged. The help of Dr. Bhism Kumar, Incharge, Isotope Division, NIH, Roorkee, India and Dr. O.P. Dubey, IRI, Roorkee, who allowed the use of the NIH isotope laboratory and helped in the interpretation of results for travel time estimation, is also gratefully acknowledged.
References
Caldwell, T. (2004). “Presentation of data for factors significant to yield from several riverbank filtration systems in the U.S. and Europe.” Riverbank filtration hydrology. Impacts on system capacity and water quality, S. A. Hubbs, ed., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Hiscock, K. M., and Grischek, T. (2002). “Attenuation of groundwater pollution by bank filtration.” J. Hydrol., 266(3–4), 139–144.
Kuehn, W., and Mueller, U. (2000). “Riverbank filtration—An overview.” J. AWWA, 92(12), 60–69.
Ojha, C. S. P., and Graham, N. J. D. (1994). “Computer aided simulation of slow sand filter performance.” Water Res., 28(5), 1025–1030.
Price, M. L., Flugum, J., Jeane, P., and Tribbet-Peelen, L. (1999). “Sonoma county finds groundwater under direct influence of surface water depends on river conditions.” Proc., Int. Riverbank Filtration Conf., National Water Research Institute, Fountain Valley, Calif.
Prommer, H., Barry, D. A., and Zheng, C. (2003). “MODFLOW/MT3DMS based reactive multi-component transport model.” Ground Water, 41(2), 247–257.
Ray, C., Grischek, T., Schubert, J., Wang, J. Z., and Speth, T. F. (2002a). “A perspective of riverbank filtration.” J. AWWA, 94(4), 149–160.
Ray, C., Melin, G., and Linsky, R., eds. (2002b). Riverbank filtration—Improving source-water quality, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1–18.
Sakthivadivel, R., and Einstein, H. A. (1970). “Clogging of porous column of spheres by sediment.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 96(HY2), 461–472.
Stuyfzand, P. J. (1998). “Simple models for reactive transport of pollutants and main consituents during artificial recharge and bank filtration.” Artificial recharge of groundwater, H. J. Peters, et al., eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 427–434.
Thakur, A. K. (2007). “Study of water quality in river bank filtration.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, I.I.T. Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, 1–166.
Thakur, A. K., Ojha, C. S. P., Ray, C., and Grischek, T. (2010). “Evaluation of water quality at two river bank filtration sites in India: A case study.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Water Resources and Environment, IIT Chennai, Chennai, India, 1–10.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 30, 2008
Accepted: Apr 22, 2010
Published online: Apr 27, 2010
Published in print: Jan 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.