Effect of Phase Difference on the Liquefaction Behavior of Sand in Multidirectional Simple Shear Tests
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 12
Abstract
Multidirectional cyclic shearing induced by earthquakes involves variations not only in amplitude but also in direction. To investigate the undrained cyclic shear responses of sand under this complex stress state, several series of simple shear tests were conducted on reconstituted Toyoura sand specimens prepared by water sedimentation and dry deposition methods, at the relative density of about 34% and initial vertical stress of 100 kPa, with the variable-direction dynamic cyclic simple shear system. By applying cyclic stresses in two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions with a certain phase difference, the multidirectional complex cyclic stress path was achieved. The cyclic unstable behavior, pore pressure response, and liquefaction resistance were analyzed with varying phase differences. Results indicate that the increase of phase difference delays the occurrence of unstable cyclic response. The development trend of normalized pore pressure is not affected by the phase difference or sample preparation method. A modified pore pressure generation model is developed to quantify the normalized pore pressure development of sand. Moreover, the effect of phase difference on liquefaction resistance is not monotonic. The liquefaction resistance of sand under multidirectional cyclic loading is approximately 70% of that under unidirectional cyclic loading. Also, the liquefaction resistance of specimens formed by dry deposition is less than that of specimens formed by water sedimentation.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data and models used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2017YFE0119500), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778502, 51978532, and 51622810), and the Wenzhou Basic Research Project of China (G20180030).
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 12 • December 2021
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jun 15, 2020
Accepted: Aug 17, 2021
Published online: Sep 30, 2021
Published in print: Dec 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2022
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