Prediction of Wetting Hydraulic Characteristics of Compacted Bentonites in Isochoric Conditions
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 8
Abstract
Unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of compacted smectite clays are essential in many engineering applications. The knowledge of the accurate soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) and hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) is vital for simulating the transient water flow through bentonites. HCFs are routinely estimated from SWCCs using the statistical models that consider probabilistic soil pore-size models. Recent studies, however, emphasize a strong influence of adsorption saturation on the wetting of smectite clays. In this work, the hydraulic diffusivities of four different bentonites at different compaction densities were estimated by back-analysis from water imbibition tests. A constant hydraulic diffusivity with water content was found to be a good approximation, and the diffusivity was equivalent to the self-diffusion coefficient of water due to the influence of adsorption forces in bentonites. A novel procedure is proposed based on the identified dominant mechanism to predict the HCFs and diffusivities directly from the wetting SWCCs of compacted bentonites. The proposed approach was used to predict the HCFs, and transient water flows of four Indian bentonites at dry densities of 1, 1.4, and and other bentonites from the literature. The proposed approach was superior to the existing statistical methods and provided excellent agreement with the back-estimated conductivity data from the water imbibition tests. On the other hand, the existing statistical models severely underpredicted the conductivities, especially in the higher suction range, due to the dominant influence of adsorption saturation.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the support received to the corresponding author by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India through the INSPIRE faculty award, IFA12-ENG-41, to carry out the present study for the application of bentonite clays for capillary barrier system. The authors sincerely thank the late Dr. Annem Narayana Reddy (Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Guwahati) for valuable discussions and Mr. Dhanesh Sing Das for the valuable inputs during the preparation of the paper. The authors appreciate the help received from Mr. Lakshay Khanna for support during the experimentation.
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 8 • August 2021
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Received: Sep 4, 2020
Accepted: Apr 5, 2021
Published online: Jun 1, 2021
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