Abstract

Three different batches of “standard” Ottawa 20-30 sand were biocemented using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP). The specimens from each batch were treated using the same biocementation procedure. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the treated specimens varied from 0.22 to 1.6 MPa depending on the batch of sand used to prepare the specimens. These results show that sand of the same predominant mineral composition (e.g., >98% silica), of the same grain size distribution, and from the same geological formation but from different quarries within the formation do not necessarily respond in the same manner to biocementation. Hence, standard sands for mechanical geotechnical testing should not be considered a priori to be a standard sand for biogeotechnical testing.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

All data, models, and code generated or used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Acknowledgments

The material in this research study is based on work primarily supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EEC-1449501. The authors are grateful for the NSF support. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NSF. The authors also acknowledge the use of facilities within the Eyring Materials Center (EMC) at Arizona State University. The EMC is supported in part by NSF Cooperative Agreement No. ECCS-1542160.

References

Alarcon-Guzman, A., J. L. Chameau, G. A. Leonards, and J. D. Frost. 1989. “Shear modulus and cyclic undrained behavior of sands.” Soils Found. 29 (4): 105–119. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.29.4_105.
Almajed, A., H. Khodadadi Tirkolaei, and E. Kavazanjian Jr. 2018. “Baseline investigation on enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 144 (11): 04018081. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001973.
Almajed, A., H. Khodadadi Tirkolaei, E. Kavazanjian Jr., and N. Hamdan. 2019. “Enzyme induced biocementated sand with high strength at low carbonate content.” Sci. Rep. 9 (1): 1135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38361-1.
ASTM. 2011. Standard test method for direct shear test of soils under consolidated drained conditions. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014a. Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2014b. Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016a. Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016b. Standard test methods for minimum index density and unit weight of soils and calculation of relative density. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016c. Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017a. Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017b. Standard specification for standard sand. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019. Standard test methods for pH of soils. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Chang, T. S., R. D. Woods, and N. H. Li. 1990. “Preparation of grouted sand specimens for dynamic testing.” Geotech. Test. J. 13 (3): 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10162J.
DeJong, J. T., and G. G. Christoph. 2009. “Influence of particle properties and initial specimen state on one-dimensional compression and hydraulic conductivity.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 135 (3): 449–454. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(449).
Hamdan, N. M. 2015. “Applications of enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) for soil improvement.” Doctoral dissertation, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State Univ.
Hamdan, N. M., E. Kavazanjian, and S. T. O’Donnell. 2013. “Carbonate cementation via plant derived urease.” In Proc., 18th Int. Conf. Soil Mechanical Geotechnical Engineering, 2489–2492. London: International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE).
Kavazanjian, E., and N. Hamdan. 2015. “Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) columns for ground improvement.” In Proc., IFCEE 2015, 2252–2261. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479087.209.
Khodadadi Tirkolaei, H., N. Javadi, V. Krishnan, N. Hamdan, and E. Kavazanjian Jr. 2020. “Crude urease extract for biocementation.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (12): 04020374. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003466.
Nemati, M., and G. Voordouw. 2003. “Modification of porous media permeability, using calcium carbonate produced enzymatically in situ.” Enzyme Microb. Tech. 33 (5): 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(03)00191-1.
Neupane, D., H. Yasuhara, N. Kinoshita, and T. Unno. 2013. “Applicability of enzymatic calcium carbonate precipitation as a soil-strengthening technique.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 139 (12): 2201–2211. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000959.
Oliveira, P. J. V., L. D. Freitas, and J. P. S. F. Carmona. 2016. “Effect of soil type on the enzymatic calcium carbonate precipitation process used for soil improvement.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (4): 04016263. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001804.
Polito, C., R. A. Green, E. Dillon, and C. Sohn. 2013. “Effect of load shape on relationship between dissipated energy and residual excess pore pressure generation in cyclic triaxial tests.” Can. Geotech. J. 50 (11): 1118–1128. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0379.
Santamarina, J. C., and G. C. Cho. 2001. “Determination of critical state parameters in sandy soils—Simple procedure.” Geotech. Test. J. 24 (2): 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11338J.
USEPA. 1996. “Method 3050B: Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils.” In Test methods for evaluating solid waste: Physical/chemical methods. Washington, DC: USEPA.
Veyera, G. E., and C. A. Ross. 1995. “Stress wave propagation in unsaturated sands.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 677–682. London: International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE).
Vos, K., N. Vandenberghe, and J. Elsen. 2014. “Surface textural analysis of quartz grains by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): From sample preparation to environmental interpretation.” Earth Sci. Rev. 128 (Jan): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.10.013.
Yasuhara, H., D. Neupane, K. Hayashi, and M. Okamura. 2012. “Experiments and predictions of physical properties of sand cemented by enzymatically-induced carbonate precipitation.” Soils Found. 52 (3): 539–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.05.011.
Zheng, J., and R. D. Hryciw. 2016. “Index void ratios of sands from their intrinsic properties.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 142 (12): 06016019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001575.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147Issue 4April 2021

History

Received: May 28, 2020
Accepted: Oct 30, 2020
Published online: Jan 20, 2021
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jun 20, 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Graduate Student Researcher, Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287 (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-4208. Email: [email protected]
Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei, Ph.D., Aff.M.ASCE [email protected]
Assistant Research Professor, Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287. Email: [email protected]
Kimberly Martin, S.M.ASCE [email protected]
Graduate Student Researcher, Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287. Email: [email protected]
Nasser Hamdan, Ph.D., M.ASCE [email protected]
Assistant Research Professor, Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287. Email: [email protected]
Leon A. van Paassen, Ph.D., Aff.M.ASCE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-0260 [email protected]
Associate Professor, Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-0260. Email: [email protected]
Edward Kavazanjian Jr., Ph.D., Dist.M.ASCE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-5249 [email protected]
NAE
Regents’ Professor, Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-5249. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share