Discussion of “Liquefaction Resistance and Steady-State Characterization of Shallow Soils within the Christchurch Central Business District” by Christopher S. Markham, Jonathan D. Bray, Misko Cubrinovski, and Michael F. Riemer
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 9
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ASTM. 1969. Standard test method for relative density of cohesionless soil. ASTM D2049. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2007. Standard test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort [12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)]. ASTM D698. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2009. Standard test method for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort [56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)]. ASTM D1557. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016a. Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table. ASTM D4253. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016b. Standard test methods for minimum index density and unit weight of soils and calculation of relative density. ASTM D4254. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bolton, M. D. 1986. “The strength and dilatancy of sands.” Géotechnique 36 (1): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1986.36.1.65.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 1990. Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. Compaction-related tests. BS 1377-4. London: BSI.
Carrera, A., M. Coop, and R. Lancellotta. 2011. “Influence of grading on the mechanical behaviour of Stava tailings.” Géotechnique 61 (11): 935–946. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.9.P.009.
Cho, G.-C., J. Dodds, and J. C. Santamarina. 2006. “Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength: Natural and crushed sands.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 132 (5): 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:5(591).
Fourie, A. B., G. E. Blight, and G. Papageorgiou. 2001. “Static liquefaction as a possible explanation for the Merriespruit tailings dam failure.” Can. Geotech. J. 38 (4): 707–719. https://doi.org/10.1139/t00-112.
Huang, Y.-T., A.-B. Huang, Y.-C. Kuo, and M.-D. Tsai. 2004. “A laboratory study on the undrained strength of a silty sand from Central Western Taiwan.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 24 (9): 733–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.06.013.
Ishihara, K. 1993. “Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquakes.” Geotechnique 43 (3): 351–451. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1993.43.3.351.
Jefferies, M., and K. Been. 2015. Soil liquefaction: A critical state approach. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Li, G. 2013. “Etude de l’influence de l’étalement granulométrique sur le comportement mécanique des matériaux granulaires.” Ph.D. thesis, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique, Ecole Centrale de Nantes.
MacRobert, C. J., and L. A. Torres-Cruz. 2016. “Evaluation of methods to determine reference void ratios.” In Proc., First Southern African Geotechnical Conf., 255–260. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Murthy, T. G., D. Loukidis, J. A. H. Carraro, M. Prezzi, and R. Salgado. 2007. “Undrained monotonic response of clean and silty sands.” Géotechnique 57 (3): 273–288. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.3.273.
Papadopoulou, A., and T. Tika. 2008. “The effect of fines on critical state and liquefaction resistance characteristics of non-plastic silty sands.” Soils Found. 48 (5): 713–725. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.48.713.
Tavenas, F., and P. La Rochelle. 1972. “Accuracy of relative density measurements.” Géotechnique 22 (4): 549–562. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1972.22.4.549.
Thevanayagam, S., T. Shenthan, S. Mohan, and J. Liang. 2002. “Undrained fragility of clean sands, silty sands, and sandy silts.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 128 (10): 849–859. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2002)128:10(849).
Torres-Cruz, L. A. 2016. “Use of the cone penetration test to assess the liquefaction potential of tailings storage facilities.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Witwatersrand.
Vermeulen, N. J. 2001. “The composition and state of gold tailings.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Pretoria.
Yang, S. L., L. Grande, and R. Sandven. 2006. “Steady-state lines of sand-silt mixtures.” Can. Geotech. J. 43 (11): 1213–1219. https://doi.org/10.1139/t06-069.
Zlatović, S., and K. Ishihara. 1995. “On the influence of nonplastic fines on residual strength.” In Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, 239–244. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 9 • September 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 14, 2018
Accepted: Jul 6, 2018
Published online: Jul 9, 2019
Published in print: Sep 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Dec 9, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.