Role of Torsional Shear in Combined Loading of Drilled Shaft Foundations
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 4
Abstract
Deep foundations may be subjected to combined torsional and lateral loads. However, there are few full-scale observations to inform a complete understanding of the possible foundation response. This paper describes the generation and transfer of lateral loads that developed within drilled shaft foundations subjected to quasi-static and cyclic torsional loads. Due to differences in stratigraphy, one drilled shaft experienced geotechnical torsional failure, whereas the other did not. Torsional loading to failure produced shear cracks that softened the soil–structure interface and produced a softened response to the lateral load that developed. Cyclic loading resulted in increased lateral displacement at near-constant lateral load amplitude. The maximum bending moment observed in the shaft that experienced torsional failure was significantly greater than that in the shaft in which geotechnical failure did not occur, and greater than that anticipated from lateral loading alone.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) funded the experimental portions of this research through the Grant SPR 304-701. Partial funding for this work was provided by USDOT’s University Transportation Center program through Grant No. DTRT13-G-UTC40 through the Pacific Northwest Regional University Transportation Center (PacTrans) with matching funds from ODOT. All opinions and findings are those of the authors and do not reflect the opinion of the funding agencies. PLI Systems, Hillsboro, Oregon donated materials, equipment, and labor to construct the test shafts. Helpful assistance with the test setup and execution was provided by Xiaomin (Jacky) Chen, Tygh Gianella, Andrew Strahler, John Martin, Jeff Gent, and James Batti.
References
API (American Petroleum Institute). 1993. Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms—Working stress design. 20th ed. Washington, DC: API.
Ashour, M., G. Norris, and P. Pilling. 1998. “Lateral loading of a pile in layered soil using the strain wedge model.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 124 (4): 303–315. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:4(303).
Broms, B. B. 1964. “Lateral resistance of piles in cohesive soil.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. 90 (2): 27–63.
Cox, W. R., L. C. Reese, and B. R. Grubbs. 1974. “Field testing of laterally loaded piles in sand.” In Vol. 2 of Proc., 6th Offshore Technology Conf., 459–472. Houston: Offshore Technology Conference.
Duncan, J. M., and G. M. Filz. 1995. “Capacities of drilled shafts in sand subjected to overturning and torsion.” In Proc., Bengt B Broms Symp. on Geotechnical Engineering, 13–15. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing.
Herrera, R. 2001. “Determine optimum depths of drilled shafts subjected to combined torsion and lateral loads using the centrifuge.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Coastal Engineering, Univ. of Florida.
Hu, Z. H., M. McVay, D. Bloomquist, R. Herrera, and P. Lai. 2006. “Influence of torque on lateral capacity of drilled shafts in sands.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 4 (456): 456–464. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:4(456).
Isenhower, W. M., and S. T. Wang. 2015. Technical manual for LPile 2015. Austin, TX: Ensoft.
Li, Q. 2017. “Investigation of drilled shafts under axial, lateral, and torsional loading.” Ph.D. thesis, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ.
Li, Q., and A. W. Stuedlein. 2018. “Simulation of torsionally-loaded deep foundations considering state-dependent load transfer.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 144 (8): 0401805. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001930.
Li, Q., A. W. Stuedlein, and A. R. Barbosa. 2017. “Torsional load transfer of drilled shaft foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 143 (8): 04017036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001701.
Li, Q., A. W. Stuedlein, and A. Marinucci. 2018. “Axial load transfer of drilled shaft foundations with and without steel casing.” J. Deep Found. Inst. 11 (1): 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/19375247.2017.1403074.
Martin, J. P. 2018. “Full-scale loading tests of shallow foundations on aggregate pier-reinforced clayey silt.” M.S. thesis, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State Univ.
Matlock, H. 1970. “Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., 2nd Annual Offshore Technology Conf., 577–594. Houston: Offshore Technology Conference.
McVay, M. C., R. Herrera, and Z. Hu. 2003. Determine optimum depths of drilled shafts subject to combined torsion and lateral loads using centrifuge testing. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Dept. of Transportation.
Norris, G. M. 1986. “Theoretically based BEF laterally loaded pile analysis.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, 361–386. Rueil-Malmaison, France: Institute Francais Du Petrole.
ODOT (Oregon State DOT). 2014. Geotechnical design manual. Salem, OR: ODOT.
ODOT (Oregon State DOT). 2015. ODOT traffic structures design manual. Salem, OR: ODOT.
Poulos, H. G. 1975. “Torsional response of piles.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 101 (10): 1019–1035.
Randolph, M. F. 1981. “Piles subjected to torsion.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 107 (8): 1095–1111.
Randolph, M. F. 1983. “Design consideration for offshore piles.” In Geotechnical practice in offshore engineering, 422–439. New York: ASCE.
Reese, L., W. Cox, and F. Koop. 1975. “Field testing and analysis of laterally loaded piles in stiff clay.” In Vol. 2 of Proc., 7th Offshore Technology Conf., 671–690. Houston: Offshore Technology Conference.
Reese, L., and R. Welch. 1975. “Lateral loading of deep foundations in stiff clay.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 101 (GT7): 633–649.
Singh, J. P., M. Ashour, and G. Norris. 2006. Laterally and axially loaded deep foundation systems, Computer program DFSAP based on the stain wedge method. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Transportation.
Thiyyakkandi, S., M. McVay, P. Lai, and R. Herrera. 2016. “Full-scale coupled torsion and lateral response of mast arm drilled shaft foundations.” Can. Geotech. J. 53 (12): 1928–1938. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0241.
Zhang, L. M., and L. G. Kong. 2006. “Centrifuge modeling of torsional response of piles in sand.” Can. Geotech. J. 43 (5): 500–515. https://doi.org/10.1139/t06-020.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 25, 2018
Accepted: Oct 17, 2018
Published online: Feb 15, 2019
Published in print: Apr 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jul 15, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.